Florida · individual fact

Florida health

Insurance coverage, personal healthcare spending, longevity, mortality, health risks, and provider shortages.

Uninsured rate · all ages10.9%2024 · #6 of 50 · highest first
Uninsured rate · under age 6513.6%2024 · #4 of 50 · highest first
Private coverage · under age 6570.8%2024 · #28 of 50 · highest first

Florida over time

Explore Florida readings, major events and reviewed actions on the same date scale. Florida officeholders appear in separate lanes. National event evidence describes national context; it does not measure a Florida effect.

Major events & context · A curated selection, including uncertain effects. Milestone dates do not establish that an event caused a Florida change.

Enacted / issuedDid not proceedPending / in progressStatus unclear

Colors show the latest recorded status. Passing one chamber is not enactment. A number groups actions with the same date, body and status.

Uninsured rate · all ages Florida · source units
FloridaPublished U.S. benchmark

Move across the chart to inspect the nearest observation. Click or tap to keep a reading selected, or focus the chart and use the arrow keys. Hover over or focus a marker to explore; click or tap to pin. Press Escape to clear.

Uninsured rate · all ages2024: 10.9%7.2%12.4%17.6%Florida, 2014: 16.6%Florida, 2015: 13.3%Florida, 2016: 12.5%Florida, 2017: 12.9%Florida, 2018: 13%Florida, 2019: 13.2%Florida, 2021: 12.1%Florida, 2022: 11.2%Florida, 2023: 10.7%Florida, 2024: 10.9%201420192024
✦ Major events & context · 23National context · Affordable Care Act signed · 2010-03-23ACA signedNational context · Supreme Court makes ACA Medicaid expansion optional for states · 2012-06-28Medicaid expansion rulingNational context · ACA Marketplace coverage and main Medicaid expansion begin · 2014-01-01ACA coverage beginsNational context · Opioid crisis declared a national public-health emergency · 2017-10-26Opioid emergencyNational context · COVID-19 characterized as a pandemic · 2020-03-11COVID-19 pandemicNational context · Pandemic Medicaid continuous-enrollment condition enacted · 2020-03-18Medicaid coverage protectionFlorida · Florida essential-services order takes effect · 2020-04-03Florida COVID orderNational context · FDA authorizes the first COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use · 2020-12-11First COVID vaccine EUANational context · American Rescue Plan expands Marketplace premium assistance · 2021-03-11Marketplace aid expandedNational context · No Surprises Act billing protections begin · 2022-01-01Surprise-billing protectionsNational context · Supreme Court overturns Roe and Casey in Dobbs · 2022-06-24Dobbs abortion rulingNational context · 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline launches nationwide · 2022-07-16988 crisis line launchesNational context · Inflation Reduction Act signed · 2022-08-16Prescription-drug lawNational context · Medicare Part D insulin cost-sharing cap takes effect · 2023-01-01Part D insulin $35 capNational context · Medicaid coverage terminations can resume · 2023-04-01Medicaid terminations resumeFlorida · Florida approves pregnancy and abortion legislation · 2023-04-13Florida SB 300National context · Federal COVID-19 public-health emergency ends · 2023-05-11COVID health emergency endsNational context · Medicare Part D out-of-pocket cap begins · 2025-01-01Part D $2,000 cap (2025)National context · 2025 reconciliation law changes Medicaid and funds rural care · 2025-07-04Medicaid and rural-care lawNational context · Rural Health Transformation awards announced for all 50 states · 2025-12-29Rural health awardsNational context · Temporary enhanced Marketplace premium tax credits end · 2026-01-01Enhanced ACA credits endNational context · First negotiated Medicare drug prices take effect · 2026-01-01Negotiated drug prices beginNational context · CMS issues Medicaid community-engagement implementation rule · 2026-06-01Medicaid eligibility rule● Florida Legislature · 40222625● U.S. Congress · Florida delegation · 32233◆ Governor · 3■ Florida agencies · 42010-03-012026-06-30

79 of 79 reviewed Florida actions match · 61 date markers shown. 23 major events shown separately.

Florida · 2024: 10.9% · Rank #6 of 50, highest first · U.S. benchmark: 8.2%

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's HIC-4_ACS historical table. Rates and 90% confidence margins of error are the published ACS 1-year estimates for the civilian noninstitutionalized population. ACS annual estimates, all ages. Standard ACS 2020 one-year data were not released; the chart leaves a gap. Survey ranks describe point estimates and do not establish significant differences. Annual observations use December 31; monthly observations use the first of the month. Lines connect consecutive readings and do not supply values between them. Missing observations break the lines.

View observations and export data
Florida Uninsured rate · all ages · source units
PeriodFloridaRankU.S. benchmark
202410.9%#6 of 508.2%
202310.7%#5 of 50Not available
202211.2%#5 of 50Not available
202112.1%#5 of 50Not available
2020Not availableUnavailableNot available
201913.2%#4 of 50Not available
201813%#4 of 50Not available
201712.9%#5 of 50Not available
201612.5%#5 of 50Not available
201513.3%#5 of 50Not available
201416.6%#3 of 50Not available
How major events are selected

The timeline combines the corresponding national fact’s reviewed event catalog, labeled National context, with individually reviewed state milestones. State events use primary sources and distinguish signing, effective and filing dates. Each milestone keeps its source-check date, geographical limits and evidence limits. This curated selection is not a complete history.

Florida milestones include its constitutional wage schedule, fuel-tax holiday, housing and education laws, health and energy legislation, theft-law changes, budget approval and pandemic directives, where relevant to this topic. Statutory amounts and national estimates are not observed changes in Florida readings.

Date ranges affect events and actions. Action type, status and official-name search affect government records only. Events remain separate from action counts. An event after the latest observation extends context without creating a new reading.

Florida · state comparison

Who has health coverage?

Compare ACS annual estimates for all ages or people under 65. Coverage categories can overlap and do not sum to the insured share.

Florida · 202410.9%
Florida rank#6among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark8.2%Same measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Uninsured rate · all ages

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's HIC-4_ACS historical table. Rates and 90% confidence margins of error are the published ACS 1-year estimates for the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

ACS annual estimates, all ages. Standard ACS 2020 one-year data were not released; the chart leaves a gap. Survey ranks describe point estimates and do not establish significant differences.

Hover to inspect. Click or tap to compare that period with every state. Focus the graph and use arrow keys, Home or End to select a period. Press Escape to return to the latest period.

Florida
Uninsured rate · all ages history in Florida6.9%12.4%17.9%20142024
2024 · Florida: 10.9% · Rank #6 of 50, highest first · U.S. benchmark: 8.2% · Selected for state comparison
View history and select a period
Florida Uninsured rate · all ages history
PeriodFloridaCompare
201416.6%
201513.3%
201612.5%
201712.9%
201813%
201913.2%
2020Not available
202112.1%
202211.2%
202310.7%
202410.9%

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. Florida stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. Florida has a dark outline.

Lower value · 2.8%Higher value · 16.7%Striped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

Florida · 10.9%2024 · Rank #6 of 50, highest firstSelected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare Florida with every state · 50 ranked
Uninsured rate · all ages · 2024 · highest value ranked #1
RankStateValueComparison notes
#1Texas16.7%—
#2Georgia12%—
#3Oklahoma11.5%—
#4Nevada11.4%—
#5Alaska11%—
#6Florida · your comparison10.9%—
#7Arizona10.3%—
#7Wyoming10.3%—
#9New Mexico10.1%—
#10Mississippi9.7%—
#10Tennessee9.7%—
#12Arkansas9.4%—
#13Idaho9.2%—
#14South Carolina9%—
#15Montana8.8%—
#16North Carolina8.6%—
#17Kansas8.5%—
#18Utah8.3%—
#19Alabama8.2%—
#20South Dakota8.1%—
#21Colorado7.9%—
#22Louisiana7.7%—
#22Missouri7.7%—
#22New Jersey7.7%—
#25Indiana7.5%—
#26Nebraska7.1%—
#27Delaware6.9%—
#27Illinois6.9%—
#27Virginia6.9%—
#30Kentucky6.8%—
#31Ohio6.7%—
#32Washington6.5%—
#33Maryland6.3%—
#34North Dakota6.1%—
#35California5.9%—
#36Connecticut5.8%—
#36Pennsylvania5.8%—
#36West Virginia5.8%—
#39Maine5.5%—
#40Iowa5.4%—
#41Wisconsin5.3%—
#42Oregon5.2%—
#43Michigan5.1%—
#43Minnesota5.1%—
#45New York5%—
#46Rhode Island4.6%—
#47New Hampshire4.5%—
#48Vermont4.2%—
#49Hawaii3.5%—
#50Massachusetts2.8%—

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

People under 65 without health insurance

13.6%2024 ACS annual estimate

Share of Florida’s civilian noninstitutionalized residents under age 65 who lacked comprehensive health-insurance coverage at the time of the ACS survey.

This source snapshot keeps its own definition and period. A rank shown elsewhere applies only to that comparison’s measure and period.

Medicaid and CHIP enrollment

April 2026
Medicaid and CHIP total
3,571,613
Medicaid total
3,400,007
Adults on Medicaid
1,276,906
Children on Medicaid
2,123,101
CHIP enrollment
171,606

The Medicaid total equals CMS's adult and child Medicaid counts. The combined total adds CHIP enrollment.

Prescription-related spending

2020
Annual spending per Florida resident
$1,508
U.S. annual spending per resident
$1,318

CMS combines retail prescription drugs with other nondurable medical products in this state expenditure category.

Method and limitations

Published ACS 1-year estimate for the civilian noninstitutionalized population under age 65, Census historical table HIC-6_ACS. The legacy fact ID is retained for existing action relationships.

  • This excludes people age 65 and older and describes an annual survey estimate, not a live enrollment count.
  • The estimate has a 90% margin of error of 0.2 percentage points. Close state differences may not be statistically significant.
Florida · state comparison

Where do healthcare dollars go?

State spending is reported for 2020, the latest year available in this CMS state series. Choose a service to compare Florida with every state.

Florida · 2020$9,865
Florida rank#31among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark$10,191Same measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Personal healthcare spending per resident

Personal health care expenditure per resident, assigned to the state where the patient resides.

2020 is the last year in this CMS state series. Personal health care excludes administration, public health, and investment included in national health expenditures. This is spending by all payers, not a household bill.

Hover to inspect. Click or tap to compare that period with every state. Focus the graph and use arrow keys, Home or End to select a period. Press Escape to return to the latest period.

Florida
Personal healthcare spending per resident history in Florida$7.6K$9.06K$10.53K20142020
2020 · Florida: $9,865 · Rank #31 of 50, highest first · U.S. benchmark: $10,191 · Selected for state comparison
View history and select a period
Florida Personal healthcare spending per resident history
PeriodFloridaCompare
2014$7,965
2015$8,330
2016$8,519
2017$8,814
2018$9,148
2019$9,490
2020$9,865

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. Florida stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. Florida has a dark outline.

Lower value · $7.52KHigher value · $14.01KStriped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

Florida · $9,8652020 · Rank #31 of 50, highest firstSelected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare Florida with every state · 50 ranked
Personal healthcare spending per resident · 2020 · highest value ranked #1
RankStateValueComparison notes
#1New York$14,007—
#2Alaska$13,642—
#3Massachusetts$13,319—
#4Delaware$12,899—
#5West Virginia$12,769—
#6Vermont$12,756—
#7South Dakota$12,495—
#8Connecticut$12,489—
#9Maine$12,077—
#10New Jersey$11,868—
#11New Hampshire$11,793—
#12Rhode Island$11,694—
#13Pennsylvania$11,603—
#14North Dakota$11,301—
#15Wyoming$10,989—
#16Minnesota$10,846—
#17Maryland$10,839—
#18Indiana$10,517—
#19Louisiana$10,515—
#20Nebraska$10,514—
#21Ohio$10,478—
#22California$10,299—
#23Hawaii$10,291—
#24Kentucky$10,257—
#25Montana$10,212—
#26Illinois$10,190—
#27Oregon$10,071—
#28Wisconsin$9,982—
#29Missouri$9,921—
#30Michigan$9,897—
#31Florida · your comparison$9,865—
#32Iowa$9,789—
#33Oklahoma$9,444—
#34Kansas$9,408—
#35Mississippi$9,394—
#36Arkansas$9,338—
#37Tennessee$9,336—
#38Alabama$9,280—
#39Washington$9,265—
#40Virginia$9,195—
#41North Carolina$8,917—
#42New Mexico$8,902—
#43South Carolina$8,766—
#44Georgia$8,758—
#45Arizona$8,756—
#46Colorado$8,583—
#47Texas$8,406—
#48Nevada$8,348—
#49Idaho$8,148—
#50Utah$7,522—

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

Florida · state comparison

Health outcomes

Use age-adjusted mortality to account for different age distributions; life expectancy summarizes period death rates.

Florida · 202277.9 years
Florida rank#17among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark77.5 yearsSame measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Life expectancy at birth

FactVote uses CDC National Center for Health Statistics annual complete life-table estimates for the total Florida population. Values are rounded to the published tenth of a year.

The latest published comparable state series ends in 2022, even though newer national life-expectancy estimates may be available. Period life expectancy summarizes current mortality rates; it is not a forecast of how long a particular person will live. The 2020 and 2021 estimates reflect the mortality shock during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hover to inspect. Click or tap to compare that period with every state. Focus the graph and use arrow keys, Home or End to select a period. Press Escape to return to the latest period.

Florida
Life expectancy at birth history in Florida75.7 years77.6 years79.4 years20182022
2022 · Florida: 77.9 years · Rank #17 of 50, highest first · U.S. benchmark: 77.5 years · Selected for state comparison
View history and select a period
Florida Life expectancy at birth history
PeriodFloridaCompare
201878.9 years
201979 years
202077.5 years
202176.1 years
202277.9 years

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. Florida stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. Florida has a dark outline.

Lower value · 72.2 yearsHigher value · 80 yearsStriped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

Florida · 77.9 years2022 · Rank #17 of 50, highest firstSelected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare Florida with every state · 50 ranked
Life expectancy at birth · 2022 · highest value ranked #1
RankStateValueComparison notes
#1Hawaii80 years—
#2Massachusetts79.8 years—
#3New Jersey79.6 years—
#4New York79.5 years—
#5Connecticut79.4 years—
#6California79.3 years—
#6Minnesota79.3 years—
#8Rhode Island79.2 years—
#9Utah79 years—
#10New Hampshire78.7 years—
#11Colorado78.5 years—
#12Idaho78.4 years—
#12Washington78.4 years—
#14Nebraska78.3 years—
#14Vermont78.3 years—
#16Wisconsin78.1 years—
#17Florida · your comparison77.9 years—
#17Iowa77.9 years—
#17North Dakota77.9 years—
#20Maryland77.8 years—
#21Oregon77.7 years—
#22Illinois77.5 years—
#22Virginia77.5 years—
#24Montana77.3 years—
#24Pennsylvania77.3 years—
#24South Dakota77.3 years—
#27Texas77.1 years—
#28Michigan76.8 years—
#28Wyoming76.8 years—
#30Arizona76.7 years—
#31Maine76.6 years—
#32Delaware76.5 years—
#32Kansas76.5 years—
#34Nevada76.4 years—
#35Georgia75.9 years—
#35North Carolina75.9 years—
#37Alaska75.8 years—
#38Ohio75.6 years—
#39Indiana75.4 years—
#40Missouri75.2 years—
#41South Carolina75.1 years—
#42New Mexico74.5 years—
#43Arkansas73.9 years—
#44Alabama73.8 years—
#44Louisiana73.8 years—
#44Oklahoma73.8 years—
#44Tennessee73.8 years—
#48Kentucky73.6 years—
#49Mississippi72.6 years—
#50West Virginia72.2 years—

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

Florida · state comparison

Chronic illness and health risks

Compare age-adjusted adult prevalence using the same survey year and definition.

Florida · 202310.1%
Florida rank#25among 48 states with data
U.S. benchmark10.7%Same measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Diagnosed diabetes · age adjusted

Adult self-reported prevalence, age-adjusted to a common population.

Published CDC 2019–2023 series. Missing or suppressed estimates remain unranked. Confidence intervals describe sampling uncertainty; point ranks are not significance tests.

Hover to inspect. Click or tap to compare that period with every state. Focus the graph and use arrow keys, Home or End to select a period. Press Escape to return to the latest period.

Florida
Diagnosed diabetes · age adjusted history in Florida9.3%10.2%11%20192023
2023 · Florida: 10.1% · Rank #25 of 48, highest first · U.S. benchmark: 10.7% · Selected for state comparison
View history and select a period
Florida Diagnosed diabetes · age adjusted history
PeriodFloridaCompare
20199.5%
20209.6%
2021Not available
20229.6%
202310.1%

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. Florida stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. Florida has a dark outline.

Lower value · 7.8%Higher value · 15.1%Striped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

Florida · 10.1%2023 · Rank #25 of 48, highest first95% confidence interval: 9.1% – 11.1%Selected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare Florida with every state · 48 ranked, 2 unavailable
Diagnosed diabetes · age adjusted · 2023 · highest value ranked #1
RankStateValueComparison notes
#1Mississippi15.1%95% CI: 13.7–16.6
#1West Virginia15.1%95% CI: 13.9–16.3
#3Louisiana14.6%95% CI: 13.4–15.8
#4Alabama14%95% CI: 12.7–15.3
#5Arkansas13.1%95% CI: 12–14.3
#6South Carolina12.7%95% CI: 11.9–13.6
#6Tennessee12.7%95% CI: 11.7–13.8
#8Texas12.1%95% CI: 11–13.3
#9Indiana11.7%95% CI: 11.1–12.4
#10Georgia11.5%95% CI: 10.7–12.3
#10Ohio11.5%95% CI: 10.8–12.2
#12Oklahoma11.3%95% CI: 10.5–12.1
#13Delaware11.1%95% CI: 9.8–12.6
#14North Carolina11%95% CI: 9.8–12.3
#15Illinois10.9%95% CI: 9.9–12.1
#15Maryland10.9%95% CI: 10.2–11.7
#15Michigan10.9%95% CI: 10.1–11.8
#18Nevada10.8%95% CI: 8.9–13
#18New Mexico10.8%95% CI: 9.3–12.6
#20Missouri10.7%95% CI: 9.9–11.7
#20South Dakota10.7%95% CI: 8.9–12.8
#22California10.6%95% CI: 9.8–11.4
#23Kansas10.5%95% CI: 9.7–11.3
#24Virginia10.4%95% CI: 9.5–11.4
#25Florida · your comparison10.1%95% CI: 9.1–11.1
#26Rhode Island10%95% CI: 9.1–11
#27Arizona9.9%95% CI: 9.2–10.7
#27Iowa9.9%95% CI: 9.2–10.7
#29Nebraska9.7%95% CI: 9–10.3
#30Wisconsin9.6%95% CI: 9–10.2
#31Hawaii9.5%95% CI: 8.7–10.5
#31New York9.5%95% CI: 8.9–10.1
#31Oregon9.5%95% CI: 8.7–10.5
#34Wyoming9.4%95% CI: 8.5–10.5
#35Minnesota9.3%95% CI: 8.6–10
#36New Jersey9.1%95% CI: 8.4–9.9
#37Maine9%95% CI: 8.4–9.7
#38North Dakota8.9%95% CI: 8.1–9.7
#39Idaho8.7%95% CI: 7.9–9.6
#40Washington8.6%95% CI: 8.2–9
#41Massachusetts8.5%95% CI: 7.8–9.4
#42Connecticut8.4%95% CI: 7.6–9.3
#43Alaska8.2%95% CI: 7.4–9.2
#44Utah8.1%95% CI: 7.5–8.7
#45Colorado8%95% CI: 7.3–8.7
#46Montana7.9%95% CI: 7.2–8.7
#46New Hampshire7.9%95% CI: 7.1–8.8
#48Vermont7.8%95% CI: 7–8.7
—KentuckyNot availableNo comparable published observation for this period; excluded from rank.
—PennsylvaniaNot availableNo comparable published observation for this period; excluded from rank.

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

Florida · state comparison

Where are healthcare workers in short supply?

Compare coverage of need, practitioners needed, or affected population for each discipline.

Florida · June 30, 202639.7%
Florida rank#37among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark47.4%Same measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Primary care · need met

HRSA-designated shortage areas; measures describe need within those areas, not the entire state population.

National report totals can include territories. Designation rules and populations differ by discipline; do not add disciplines. Absolute population and practitioner ranks also reflect state size.

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. Florida stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. Florida has a dark outline.

Lower value · 11.2%Higher value · 83.2%Striped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

Florida · 39.7%June 30, 2026 · Rank #37 of 50, highest firstSelected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare Florida with every state · 50 ranked
Primary care · need met · June 30, 2026 · highest value ranked #1
RankStateValueComparison notes
#1New Jersey83.2%—
#2Vermont82.6%—
#3South Carolina79.4%—
#4New Hampshire74.8%—
#5Rhode Island74.3%—
#6Louisiana72.1%—
#7Hawaii67.1%—
#8Utah65.4%—
#9Wisconsin65.2%—
#10Alabama63%—
#11Connecticut60.3%—
#12Massachusetts58%—
#13Tennessee58%—
#14Virginia57.2%—
#15Pennsylvania56.7%—
#16Maine56%—
#17Minnesota55.4%—
#18Wyoming54.4%—
#19Indiana54.2%—
#20California53.2%—
#21Arkansas52.6%—
#22Texas49.8%—
#23Ohio49.7%—
#24Nebraska49.1%—
#25Alaska48.9%—
#26North Carolina48.1%—
#27Colorado47.5%—
#28Michigan44.9%—
#29Oregon43.9%—
#30Idaho43.9%—
#31Washington42.4%—
#32Illinois41.5%—
#33Nevada41.5%—
#34Arizona41.2%—
#35Kansas41.1%—
#36Iowa40.5%—
#37Florida · your comparison39.7%—
#38Georgia39.1%—
#39Montana38.5%—
#40West Virginia38.3%—
#41North Dakota36.5%—
#42New York35.3%—
#43South Dakota34.6%—
#44Mississippi34.1%—
#45Maryland31.6%—
#46New Mexico31.4%—
#47Kentucky30.8%—
#48Oklahoma28.6%—
#49Missouri23.7%—
#50Delaware11.2%—

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

Florida · state comparison

Employer coverage costs

Premium comparisons use a published historical all-state employer survey. Total premiums combine employer and employee payments.

Florida · 2020$7,078
Florida rank#25among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark$7,149Same measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Single coverage premium · all firms

Average total annual employer-plan premium per enrolled employee at private-sector establishments offering coverage.

Historical 2020 published all-state table; not a current quote. Includes both employer and employee contributions, rather than just a worker’s payment. Survey estimates and small firm samples carry uncertainty. Missing estimates remain unavailable.

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. Florida stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. Florida has a dark outline.

Lower value · $6.39KHigher value · $8.64KStriped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

Florida · $7,0782020 · Rank #25 of 50, highest firstSelected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare Florida with every state · 50 ranked
Single coverage premium · all firms · 2020 · highest value ranked #1
RankStateValueComparison notes
#1Alaska$8,635—
#2New York$8,177—
#3New Hampshire$7,991—
#4Vermont$7,868—
#5Wyoming$7,743—
#6Nebraska$7,611—
#7South Carolina$7,516—
#8Connecticut$7,501—
#9Maine$7,496—
#10Massachusetts$7,452—
#11Washington$7,440—
#12New Mexico$7,424—
#13Illinois$7,376—
#14New Jersey$7,373—
#15Maryland$7,352—
#16Rhode Island$7,326—
#17Indiana$7,319—
#18Delaware$7,280—
#19Wisconsin$7,250—
#20Pennsylvania$7,246—
#21North Dakota$7,216—
#22Colorado$7,206—
#23Missouri$7,179—
#24California$7,173—
#25Florida · your comparison$7,078—
#26South Dakota$7,070—
#27Oklahoma$7,058—
#28Hawaii$7,040—
#29North Carolina$7,036—
#30Texas$7,017—
#31West Virginia$6,993—
#32Ohio$6,989—
#33Kentucky$6,949—
#34Iowa$6,932—
#35Virginia$6,928—
#36Oregon$6,917—
#37Minnesota$6,910—
#38Georgia$6,876—
#39Montana$6,860—
#40Idaho$6,744—
#41Louisiana$6,713—
#42Michigan$6,683—
#43Kansas$6,675—
#44Arizona$6,612—
#45Utah$6,593—
#46Mississippi$6,561—
#47Nevada$6,493—
#48Tennessee$6,485—
#49Arkansas$6,414—
#50Alabama$6,393—

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

Florida · state comparison

Mental health and treatment

Adult statewide estimates use the same SAMHSA model and survey period. Treatment use is a share of all adults, not a share of adults with mental illness.

Florida · 2023–202420.8%
Florida rank#45among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark23.1%Same measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Any Mental Illness · adults 18+

Civilian noninstitutionalized adults age 18+, past-year prevalence or treatment use, estimated by small-area survey models.

Mental illness and depression estimates pool 2023–2024; treatment use covers 2024 only. Definitions and model-based uncertainty differ from the national page’s annual 2025 survey estimates. Point-estimate ranks do not establish significant differences. Serious mental illness is a subset of any mental illness, so their percentages must not be added.

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. Florida stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. Florida has a dark outline.

Lower value · 18.1%Higher value · 31.6%Striped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

Florida · 20.8%2023–2024 · Rank #45 of 50, highest firstSelected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare Florida with every state · 50 ranked
Any Mental Illness · adults 18+ · 2023–2024 · highest value ranked #1
RankStateValueComparison notes
#1Oregon31.6%—
#2Vermont29.1%—
#3West Virginia28.1%—
#4Washington27.9%—
#5New Hampshire27.7%—
#6Tennessee27%—
#7Utah26.7%—
#8Maine26.7%—
#9Arkansas26.6%—
#10Colorado26.4%—
#11Rhode Island25.8%—
#12Missouri25.7%—
#13Montana25.6%—
#14Indiana25.3%—
#15Kentucky25.3%—
#16Georgia25.2%—
#17Iowa25%—
#18Massachusetts24.9%—
#19Wyoming24.7%—
#20Nevada24.6%—
#21Arizona24.6%—
#22Wisconsin24.6%—
#23Idaho24.5%—
#24Nebraska24.1%—
#25Louisiana24.1%—
#26Alaska24%—
#27Pennsylvania23.9%—
#28New Mexico23.9%—
#28Ohio23.9%—
#30Connecticut23.7%—
#31Kansas23.7%—
#32Michigan23.6%—
#33Virginia23.1%—
#34Alabama23%—
#35North Dakota23%—
#36Maryland22.7%—
#37Oklahoma22.6%—
#38Minnesota22.6%—
#39Illinois22.2%—
#40Delaware22.1%—
#41New York21.9%—
#42South Dakota21.8%—
#43California21.6%—
#44North Carolina21.4%—
#45Florida · your comparison20.8%—
#46Texas20.7%—
#47Mississippi20.5%—
#48Hawaii19.8%—
#49South Carolina19.8%—
#50New Jersey18.1%—

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

What candidates are saying

Explore statements about health coverage, healthcare costs, access to care and public health from FactVote’s Florida candidate profiles. Compare candidates within each recorded race, with each person’s matching statements kept together. These are candidate and campaign statements, not verified outcomes.

449 statements from 135 candidates

2026 Florida Governor — Democratic Primary

5 candidates with matching statements · 24 statements

Dayna Marie Foster

6 statements

Democratic · Governor · FL

Health coverage

Dayna supports expanding Medicaid, protecting reproductive healthcare access, capping prescription costs, and investing in mental health services. Healthcare must be affordable, accessible, and equitable for everyone.

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Source topic or question: healthcare that works for all.

Candidate campaign source

Dayna supports expanding Medicaid, protecting reproductive healthcare access, capping prescription costs, and investing in mental health services. Healthcare must be affordable, accessible, and equitable for everyone.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Six policy pillars ↗
View 5 more statements from Dayna Marie Foster
Health coverage

As governor, I will immediately adopt expanded Medicaid. This program has already been implemented in most states and will instantly allow an additional 800,000 to 1.4 million Floridians to get government assistance. Access to healthcare is important, which is why the government should invest in bot…

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Source topic or question: Equitable and affordable access to healthcare is declining, in part due to the decrease of federal insurance subsidies. At the same time, more Medicaid costs are being pushed onto the states. How should the state address these issues? El acceso equitativo y asequible a la atención médica está disminuyendo, en parte debido a la reducción de los subsidios federales de seguros. Al mismo tiempo, más costos de Medicaid se están trasladando a los estados. ¿Cómo debería el estado abordar estos problemas?

Candidate questionnaire response

As governor, I will immediately adopt expanded Medicaid. This program has already been implemented in most states and will instantly allow an additional 800,000 to 1.4 million Floridians to get government assistance. Access to healthcare is important, which is why the government should invest in both rural health and better transportation to medical facilities. As governor, I will expand federally qualified health centers, expand transportation services for people seeking prenatal and postpartum care, and advocate for legislation that finally brings telehealth reimbursement parity and expanded rural connectivity to our state.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Dayna Marie Foster direct candidate responses ↗
Care & public health

College is getting harder for Florida students. With rising costs, limited mental health support, and uncertainty about jobs after graduation. Dayna will fight to expand financial aid, improve access to mental health services, and create more paid internships. She’s committed to making campuses safe…

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Source topic or question: Making College Work for You.

Candidate campaign source

College is getting harder for Florida students. With rising costs, limited mental health support, and uncertainty about jobs after graduation. Dayna will fight to expand financial aid, improve access to mental health services, and create more paid internships. She’s committed to making campuses safer and more inclusive for all students.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Dayna Marie Foster campaign source 3 ↗
Care & public health

Dayna is committed to protecting reproductive freedom, expanding access to healthcare, and ensuring that women across Florida have equal opportunities and protections under the law.

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Source topic or question: Reproductive Freedom and Full Equality for Florida Women.

Candidate campaign source

Dayna is committed to protecting reproductive freedom, expanding access to healthcare, and ensuring that women across Florida have equal opportunities and protections under the law.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Dayna Marie Foster campaign source 3 ↗
Care & public health

Dayna believes every Floridian deserves real safety and the ability to trust the system meant to protect them. She’ll support law enforcement with the training and resources they need; while investing in crime prevention, mental health response, and stronger community partnerships. Dayna is committe…

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Source topic or question: A New Deal for Public Safety.

Candidate campaign source

Dayna believes every Floridian deserves real safety and the ability to trust the system meant to protect them. She’ll support law enforcement with the training and resources they need; while investing in crime prevention, mental health response, and stronger community partnerships. Dayna is committed to fighting violent crime, ending human trafficking, and making sure every family feels safe, no matter their zip code.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Dayna Marie Foster campaign source 3 ↗
Care & public health

Every parent wants their child to be safe, healthy, and ready to succeed. Dayna will focus on strong public schools, access to doctors and mental health care, and making sure no child goes hungry because every family deserves the support they need to raise thriving kids.

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Source topic or question: Putting OUR Kids First: Education, Justice, and Care for Every Child.

Candidate campaign source

Every parent wants their child to be safe, healthy, and ready to succeed. Dayna will focus on strong public schools, access to doctors and mental health care, and making sure no child goes hungry because every family deserves the support they need to raise thriving kids.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Dayna Marie Foster campaign source 3 ↗

Dotie Joseph

2 statements

Democratic · Governor · FL

Health coverage

Florida is one of 10 states refusing to expand Medicaid. Expansion would cover approximately 1 million uninsured Floridians, bring in $14.3 billion in federal funds over 5 years, and reduce $2.6 billion in annual uncompensated care driving up everyone's premiums. With federal subsidy cuts projected …

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Source topic or question: Equitable and affordable access to healthcare is declining, in part due to the decrease of federal insurance subsidies. At the same time, more Medicaid costs are being pushed onto the states. How should the state address these issues? El acceso equitativo y asequible a la atención médica está disminuyendo, en parte debido a la reducción de los subsidios federales de seguros. Al mismo tiempo, más costos de Medicaid se están trasladando a los estados. ¿Cómo debería el estado abordar estos problemas?

Candidate questionnaire response

Florida is one of 10 states refusing to expand Medicaid. Expansion would cover approximately 1 million uninsured Floridians, bring in $14.3 billion in federal funds over 5 years, and reduce $2.6 billion in annual uncompensated care driving up everyone's premiums. With federal subsidy cuts projected to leave 1.5 million Floridians uninsured, and the fallout from the Big Beautiful Bill contributing to rural hospital closures, expansion is fiscally urgent. I've repeatedly filed legislation to expand Medicaid, and also filed the Healthy Florida Act to provide universal coverage for all. I successfully fought to lower insulin costs, expand postpartum Medicaid coverage from 30 days to one year, and allocate millions to address healthcare disparities. As Governor, I'll pair coverage expansion with cost reform, drug price transparency, community health centers, and tackling provider shortages, so care is affordable and accessible in all 67 counties.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Dotie Joseph direct candidate responses ↗
View 1 more statement from Dotie Joseph
Care & public health

First, I'd implement the Real Affordable Housing Relief Act HB 1493, which I filed to limit corporate ownership of single-family homes, authorize community land banks to convert distressed properties to long-term affordable housing, prohibit algorithm-driven rent pricing, enable challenges to excess…

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Source topic or question: Insufficient housing is hurting Florida families and limiting Florida’s economy. What state measures do you support to address affordable housing and reduce homelessness? La falta de vivienda está afectando a las familias de Florida y limitando la economía del estado. ¿Qué medidas estatales apoya para abordar la vivienda asequible y reducir la falta de hogar?

Candidate questionnaire response

First, I'd implement the Real Affordable Housing Relief Act HB 1493, which I filed to limit corporate ownership of single-family homes, authorize community land banks to convert distressed properties to long-term affordable housing, prohibit algorithm-driven rent pricing, enable challenges to excessive insurance rate increases, and repay any diverted housing trust funds. Second, restore local flexibility, cut permitting delays, and help low-income seniors and families with down payments and property taxes. Third, I'd veto raids on the Sadowski affordable housing trust funds. The Florida Housing Coalition estimates the over $2 billion swept over the years has cost 94,000 affordable homes. On homelessness, I'd request a study on best practices in other jurisdictions that help people transition, provide mental health and substance-use treatment, and I'd veto laws that criminalize poverty. We need to find ways to make and keep Florida affordable for all.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Dotie Joseph direct candidate responses ↗

Democratic · Governor · FL

Health coverage

Florida has rejected at least $11 billion in federal funds in recent years, including Medicaid expansion. That stops under my administration.

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Source topic or question: Health care

Candidate questionnaire response

Florida has rejected at least $11 billion in federal funds in recent years, including Medicaid expansion. That stops under my administration.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

2026 Florida governor voter guide responses ↗
View 4 more statements from Evelyn Castillo-Bach
Health coverage

Florida's uninsured rate is 10.9%, well above the national average. Medical debt is the leading cause of bankruptcy in America. I support Medicare for All, but until that happens at the federal level, I will act as governor to protect Floridians now. My administration will ban all medical debt, ban …

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Source topic or question: Equitable and affordable access to healthcare is declining, in part due to the decrease of federal insurance subsidies. At the same time, more Medicaid costs are being pushed onto the states. How should the state address these issues? El acceso equitativo y asequible a la atención médica está disminuyendo, en parte debido a la reducción de los subsidios federales de seguros. Al mismo tiempo, más costos de Medicaid se están trasladando a los estados. ¿Cómo debería el estado abordar estos problemas?

Candidate questionnaire response

Florida's uninsured rate is 10.9%, well above the national average. Medical debt is the leading cause of bankruptcy in America. I support Medicare for All, but until that happens at the federal level, I will act as governor to protect Floridians now. My administration will ban all medical debt, ban reporting of medical debt to credit bureaus, and create Florida Direct Care. This system will pay doctors directly for people with no insurance, bypassing insurance companies. Florida has rejected at least $11 billion in federal funds in recent years, including Medicaid expansion. That stops under my administration. No Floridian should go bankrupt because they or someone they love got sick.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Evelyn Castillo-Bach direct candidate responses ↗
Health coverage

I support Medicare for All, but until that happens at the federal level, I will act as governor to protect Floridians now.

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Source topic or question: Health care

Candidate questionnaire response

I support Medicare for All, but until that happens at the federal level, I will act as governor to protect Floridians now.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

2026 Florida governor voter guide responses ↗
Healthcare costs

ban liens on medical debt

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Source topic or question: Protect Our Homes

Candidate campaign source

ban liens on medical debt

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Evelyn Castillo-Bach campaign source 1 ↗
Healthcare costs

My administration will ban all medical debt, ban reporting of medical debt to credit bureaus, and create Florida Direct Care.

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Source topic or question: Health care

Candidate questionnaire response

My administration will ban all medical debt, ban reporting of medical debt to credit bureaus, and create Florida Direct Care.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

2026 Florida governor voter guide responses ↗

Stephann Norman

5 statements

Democratic · Governor · FL

Health coverage

This certainly includes an expansion of Florida Medicaid for everyone including children, seniors, and veterans.

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Source topic or question: Health care

Candidate questionnaire response

This certainly includes an expansion of Florida Medicaid for everyone including children, seniors, and veterans.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

2026 Florida governor voter guide responses ↗
View 4 more statements from Stephann Norman
Health coverage

Given the fact that Donald Trump and the Republicans have been constantly challenging the Affordable Care Act, the citizens of America seem to be the victims of a selfish attempt at trying to get rid of a cornerstone in the American healthcare system while offering no replacement. To address these c…

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Source topic or question: Equitable and affordable access to healthcare is declining, in part due to the decrease of federal insurance subsidies. At the same time, more Medicaid costs are being pushed onto the states. How should the state address these issues? El acceso equitativo y asequible a la atención médica está disminuyendo, en parte debido a la reducción de los subsidios federales de seguros. Al mismo tiempo, más costos de Medicaid se están trasladando a los estados. ¿Cómo debería el estado abordar estos problemas?

Candidate questionnaire response

Given the fact that Donald Trump and the Republicans have been constantly challenging the Affordable Care Act, the citizens of America seem to be the victims of a selfish attempt at trying to get rid of a cornerstone in the American healthcare system while offering no replacement. To address these concerns, Florida will have to become self-sufficient and prioritize its citizens to ensure the State picks up where the Federal insurance drops off. This certainly includes an expansion of Florida Medicaid for everyone including children, seniors, and veterans.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Stephann Norman direct candidate responses ↗
Care & public health

I am running for Governor because after prayer of how to impact Florida positively and looking for someone else to believe in and vote for, God spoke to me and said “Look in the mirror, YOU can be the CHANGE YOU want to see in Florida and in life”. One of the most important issues that I know I will…

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Source topic or question: Why are you running for this elected position? What are the two most compelling issues on which, if elected, you feel you can make a difference? ¿Por qué se postula para este cargo electo? ¿Cuáles son los dos temas más importantes en los que, si es electo/a, cree que puede hacer una diferencia para nuestro estado?

Candidate questionnaire response

I am running for Governor because after prayer of how to impact Florida positively and looking for someone else to believe in and vote for, God spoke to me and said “Look in the mirror, YOU can be the CHANGE YOU want to see in Florida and in life”. One of the most important issues that I know I will make a positive impact on is a rent reduction. The second important issue is to expand Florida healthcare, along with revitalizing education.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Stephann Norman direct candidate responses ↗
Care & public health

Healthcare for All: Restoring Florida HealthcareHealthcare is a human right, and every Floridian deserves access to affordable, quality care. The plan is to expand Florida healthcare to ensure all residents—from birth to end of life—have the healthcare services they need, regardless of their income,…

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Source topic or question: Florida Forward: A New Era of Leadership and Opportunity

Candidate campaign source

Healthcare for All: Restoring Florida HealthcareHealthcare is a human right, and every Floridian deserves access to affordable, quality care. The plan is to expand Florida healthcare to ensure all residents—from birth to end of life—have the healthcare services they need, regardless of their income, sexuality, or gender identification. It’s time to put people before profits in Florida’s healthcare system. Increasing SNAP benefits will also aid in healthcare as healthy foods create healthy people for a healthy Florida. This also includes veterans and their healthcare too.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Stephann Norman campaign source ↗
Care & public health

Solve Housing Crisis: A Roof Over Every HeadEvery person in Florida deserves a safe and stable place to live. My plan is to take bold action to solve the housing crisis in our state by increasing affordable housing options, providing mental health and addiction services, and offering support to thos…

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Source topic or question: Florida Forward: A New Era of Leadership and Opportunity

Candidate campaign source

Solve Housing Crisis: A Roof Over Every HeadEvery person in Florida deserves a safe and stable place to live. My plan is to take bold action to solve the housing crisis in our state by increasing affordable housing options, providing mental health and addiction services, and offering support to those who need it most. A home is a human right. No one should ever be forced to live on the streets.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Stephann Norman campaign source ↗

Democratic · Governor · FL

Health coverage

As a healthcare professional, I have seen firsthand how important affordable, accessible healthcare is to families, seniors, veterans, and people with disabilities. Healthcare should not be a privilege available only to those who can afford it. Florida must work to increase access to quality care wh…

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Source topic or question: Equitable and affordable access to healthcare is declining, in part due to the decrease of federal insurance subsidies. At the same time, more Medicaid costs are being pushed onto the states. How should the state address these issues? El acceso equitativo y asequible a la atención médica está disminuyendo, en parte debido a la reducción de los subsidios federales de seguros. Al mismo tiempo, más costos de Medicaid se están trasladando a los estados. ¿Cómo debería el estado abordar estos problemas?

Candidate questionnaire response

As a healthcare professional, I have seen firsthand how important affordable, accessible healthcare is to families, seniors, veterans, and people with disabilities. Healthcare should not be a privilege available only to those who can afford it. Florida must work to increase access to quality care while controlling costs for patients and taxpayers. That includes strengthening preventive care, supporting community health centers, expanding healthcare workforce development, and reducing barriers that prevent people from receiving timely treatment. We must also ensure that Medicaid resources are managed responsibly and efficiently so that vulnerable populations continue to receive the services they need. Investing in preventive care and early intervention can improve health outcomes while reducing long-term costs. I believe healthcare decisions should focus on people, not politics. Every Floridian deserves access to quality, affordable healthcare.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Thomas Eloy Fernandez direct candidate responses ↗
View 5 more statements from Thomas Eloy Fernandez
Health coverage

We must also ensure that Medicaid resources are managed responsibly and efficiently so that vulnerable populations continue to receive the services they need.

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Source topic or question: Health care

Candidate questionnaire response

We must also ensure that Medicaid resources are managed responsibly and efficiently so that vulnerable populations continue to receive the services they need.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

2026 Florida governor voter guide responses ↗
Care & public health

That includes strengthening preventive care, supporting community health centers, expanding healthcare workforce development, and reducing barriers that prevent people from receiving timely treatment.

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Source topic or question: Health care

Candidate questionnaire response

That includes strengthening preventive care, supporting community health centers, expanding healthcare workforce development, and reducing barriers that prevent people from receiving timely treatment.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

2026 Florida governor voter guide responses ↗
Care & public health

Housing affordability is a major challenge facing Florida families today. Too many working families, seniors, veterans, and young adults are struggling to find housing they can afford, while homelessness continues to grow in many communities. I support increasing affordable and workforce housing opp…

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Source topic or question: Insufficient housing is hurting Florida families and limiting Florida’s economy. What state measures do you support to address affordable housing and reduce homelessness? La falta de vivienda está afectando a las familias de Florida y limitando la economía del estado. ¿Qué medidas estatales apoya para abordar la vivienda asequible y reducir la falta de hogar?

Candidate questionnaire response

Housing affordability is a major challenge facing Florida families today. Too many working families, seniors, veterans, and young adults are struggling to find housing they can afford, while homelessness continues to grow in many communities. I support increasing affordable and workforce housing opportunities, expanding pathways to homeownership, and encouraging innovative housing solutions that meet the needs of Florida's growing population. We should work with local governments, nonprofits, and private partners to increase housing availability while preserving community character and quality of life. Addressing homelessness requires more than temporary shelter. We must connect individuals and families to housing, healthcare, mental health services, employment opportunities, and other support systems that help people achieve long-term stability. Every Floridian deserves the opportunity to live in a safe, stable, and affordable home. Together, we can build a more secure future.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Thomas Eloy Fernandez direct candidate responses ↗
Care & public health

I am running for Governor because I believe Florida should work for the people who call it home. As a veteran, healthcare professional, husband, father, and community advocate, I have spent my life serving others and helping families navigate challenges. The two issues where I believe I can make the…

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Source topic or question: Why are you running for this elected position? What are the two most compelling issues on which, if elected, you feel you can make a difference? ¿Por qué se postula para este cargo electo? ¿Cuáles son los dos temas más importantes en los que, si es electo/a, cree que puede hacer una diferencia para nuestro estado?

Candidate questionnaire response

I am running for Governor because I believe Florida should work for the people who call it home. As a veteran, healthcare professional, husband, father, and community advocate, I have spent my life serving others and helping families navigate challenges. The two issues where I believe I can make the greatest difference are affordability and healthcare. Across Florida, families are struggling with rising housing costs, insurance premiums, and everyday expenses. Too many hardworking people are falling behind. We need practical solutions that help families achieve stability and build a better future. I am also passionate about affordable healthcare. My experience in healthcare has shown me how important quality care is to every family. No Floridian should have to choose between getting the care they need and paying their bills. I want to help build a Florida where every family has the opportunity to succeed.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Thomas Eloy Fernandez direct candidate responses ↗
Care & public health

We must connect individuals and families to housing, healthcare, mental health services, employment opportunities, and other support systems that help people achieve long-term stability.

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Source topic or question: Housing

Candidate questionnaire response

We must connect individuals and families to housing, healthcare, mental health services, employment opportunities, and other support systems that help people achieve long-term stability.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

2026 Florida governor voter guide responses ↗

2026 Florida Governor — General Election

1 candidate with matching statements · 5 statements

David Jolly

5 statements

Democratic · Governor · FL

Care & public health

Florida’s housing crisis is pushing homeownership and stable rentals out of reach for working families, seniors, veterans, and young people. As Governor, I would focus on lowering costs by fully funding the Sadowski Housing Trust Fund and ensuring those dollars build affordable and workforce housing…

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Insufficient housing is hurting Florida families and limiting Florida’s economy. What state measures do you support to address affordable housing and reduce homelessness? La falta de vivienda está afectando a las familias de Florida y limitando la economía del estado. ¿Qué medidas estatales apoya para abordar la vivienda asequible y reducir la falta de hogar?

Candidate questionnaire response

Florida’s housing crisis is pushing homeownership and stable rentals out of reach for working families, seniors, veterans, and young people. As Governor, I would focus on lowering costs by fully funding the Sadowski Housing Trust Fund and ensuring those dollars build affordable and workforce housing as intended. I support smart‑growth infrastructure, mixed‑income development, and removing unnecessary local barriers that restrict supply. Stabilizing the property insurance market is also essential, as rising premiums are driving the affordability crisis. To reduce homelessness, I support a Housing First approach that pairs permanent housing with mental health care, addiction treatment, job training, and healthcare. We must prioritize veterans, seniors, youth aging out of foster care, and families at risk of eviction. Housing is essential infrastructure, and every Floridian deserves safe, stable, affordable homes.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Governor — VOTE411 Voter Guide. Additional information available on VOTE411.org. ↗
View 4 more statements from David Jolly
Care & public health

I am running for Governor to build a Florida that is more affordable, more accountable, and more focused on the future. I believe government should improve people's lives, the economy should work for everyone, and every Floridian deserves dignity and equal opportunity. The first issue where I can ma…

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Source topic or question: Why are you running for this elected position? What are the two most compelling issues on which, if elected, you feel you can make a difference? ¿Por qué se postula para este cargo electo? ¿Cuáles son los dos temas más importantes en los que, si es electo/a, cree que puede hacer una diferencia para nuestro estado?

Candidate questionnaire response

I am running for Governor to build a Florida that is more affordable, more accountable, and more focused on the future. I believe government should improve people's lives, the economy should work for everyone, and every Floridian deserves dignity and equal opportunity. The first issue where I can make the greatest difference is affordability. Rising costs for housing, insurance, healthcare, childcare, and groceries have made it harder for working families to get ahead. I will support policies that strengthen workers' rights, raise wages, and create pathways to good-paying jobs. The second issue is education. Florida needs a renaissance in public education. I will fully fund neighborhood public schools, raise teacher pay, reduce overcrowding, expand student support services, and protect the independence and excellence of our colleges and universities. By making Florida more affordable and investing in education, we can create opportunity and security for every Floridian.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Governor — VOTE411 Voter Guide. Additional information available on VOTE411.org. ↗
Care & public health

Reproductive healthcare decisions should be made between women and their doctors, not politicians. Roe v. Wade and Casey v. Planned Parenthood provided a responsible, balanced framework for protecting these decisions. Absent federal legislation restoring these protections, Florida should codify the …

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Source topic or question: Restoring Reproductive Freedom

Candidate campaign source

Reproductive healthcare decisions should be made between women and their doctors, not politicians. Roe v. Wade and Casey v. Planned Parenthood provided a responsible, balanced framework for protecting these decisions. Absent federal legislation restoring these protections, Florida should codify the Roe/Casey framework.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Issues ↗
Care & public health

Florida needs a ten-year renaissance in public education; a long‑term plan to strengthen public education by supporting teachers, improving curriculum, and keeping parents engaged as partners. The teacher shortage stems from years of low pay, rising living costs, burnout, and policies that have left…

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Source topic or question: What is your long-term plan for public education, specifically concerning teacher retention, curriculum changes, and the role of parental rights laws? ¿Cuál es su plan a largo plazo para la educación pública, específicamente en relación con la retención de maestros, cambios en el currículo y el papel de las leyes de derechos de los padres?

Candidate questionnaire response

Florida needs a ten-year renaissance in public education; a long‑term plan to strengthen public education by supporting teachers, improving curriculum, and keeping parents engaged as partners. The teacher shortage stems from years of low pay, rising living costs, burnout, and policies that have left educators feeling undervalued. I would prioritize higher salaries, housing assistance, loan forgiveness, and stronger mentorship and professional development to improve recruitment and retention. We must also improve school climate by reducing unnecessary bureaucracy and expanding mental health and behavioral supports. Curriculum should be high‑quality, evidence‑based, and focused on literacy, math, science, civics, financial literacy, CTE, and media literacy, free from partisan interference. Parents deserve transparency and meaningful involvement, and parental rights laws should encourage collaboration rather than conflict. We must value educators and support Florida families.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Governor — VOTE411 Voter Guide. Additional information available on VOTE411.org. ↗
Care & public health

David has focused his campaign on historic groundbreaking homeowner’s insurance reform, the expansion of primary healthcare services, and investing in more community public schools. A fifth-generation Floridian and son of a minister, David and his wife Laura are raising their young family in Pinella…

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Source topic or question: Insurance, healthcare and schools

Candidate campaign source

David has focused his campaign on historic groundbreaking homeowner’s insurance reform, the expansion of primary healthcare services, and investing in more community public schools. A fifth-generation Floridian and son of a minister, David and his wife Laura are raising their young family in Pinellas County.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

About David ↗

2026 Florida Governor — Republican Primary

2 candidates with matching statements · 5 statements

Daniel Nokovich

2 statements

Republican · Governor · FL

Care & public health

Healthcare should not bankrupt families. A statewide plan providing total person healthcare for $100 per month — covering physical, mental, and preventive care for every Floridian.

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Source topic or question: Statewide Total Person Healthcare — $100/Month

Candidate campaign source

Healthcare should not bankrupt families. A statewide plan providing total person healthcare for $100 per month — covering physical, mental, and preventive care for every Floridian.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Nokovich for Governor ↗
View 1 more statement from Daniel Nokovich
Care & public health

I do have a great affordable Healthcare solution. First, Give an affordable option that excludes Corporate ownership of the medical industry. Secondly, dismiss the insurance industry from being the only game in town. Thirdly, eliminate big Pharma's strangle hold on every doctor and medical administr…

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Source topic or question: Equitable and affordable access to healthcare is declining, in part due to the decrease of federal insurance subsidies. At the same time, more Medicaid costs are being pushed onto the states. How should the state address these issues? El acceso equitativo y asequible a la atención médica está disminuyendo, en parte debido a la reducción de los subsidios federales de seguros. Al mismo tiempo, más costos de Medicaid se están trasladando a los estados. ¿Cómo debería el estado abordar estos problemas?

Candidate questionnaire response

I do have a great affordable Healthcare solution. First, Give an affordable option that excludes Corporate ownership of the medical industry. Secondly, dismiss the insurance industry from being the only game in town. Thirdly, eliminate big Pharma's strangle hold on every doctor and medical administration. Institute a public held, led, and supervised medical services that include all disciplines of health. Health begins in the heart, mind, soul and spirit. These affect physical health. Offering counsel to people is practical for mental, emotional, psychological, and spiritual sickness. Stress can be caused by financial lack, marital issues, financial, educational, hygienic ignorance and broken family relationships. Driving down costs while treating causes and not medicating symptoms is a very good start.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Daniel Nokovich direct candidate responses ↗

James W. Shaw

3 statements

Republican · Governor · FL

Care & public health

As Governor, I will direct Florida's universities to research promising, lower-cost treatment options — including peptide therapies that show potential as more affordable alternatives to expensive brand-name drugs, and anti-parasitic medications being studied for broader medical use. Florida has wor…

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Source topic or question: Equitable and affordable access to healthcare is declining, in part due to the decrease of federal insurance subsidies. At the same time, more Medicaid costs are being pushed onto the states. How should the state address these issues? El acceso equitativo y asequible a la atención médica está disminuyendo, en parte debido a la reducción de los subsidios federales de seguros. Al mismo tiempo, más costos de Medicaid se están trasladando a los estados. ¿Cómo debería el estado abordar estos problemas?

Candidate questionnaire response

As Governor, I will direct Florida's universities to research promising, lower-cost treatment options — including peptide therapies that show potential as more affordable alternatives to expensive brand-name drugs, and anti-parasitic medications being studied for broader medical use. Florida has world-class research institutions. It's time they worked for Florida families, not just for publishers and patent holders. Competition is only half the answer. The other half is prevention. My administration will make clean food, self-care, and access to essential vitamins and minerals a real part of healthcare policy — because the cheapest healthcare is the care you never need. Florida deserves a system that rewards prevention, drives competition, and puts patients back in control — not pharmaceutical middlemen.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

James W. Shaw direct candidate responses ↗
View 2 more statements from James W. Shaw
Care & public health

Florida families aren't just fighting rising prices — they're fighting a system with no real competition, where a handful of players in every major industry set the price and everyone else pays it. I will treat Florida the way it deserves to be treated: as its own economic power. With nearly 24 mill…

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Source topic or question: Polls indicate the public is more concerned about the cost of property insurance than property taxes. What is your view and why? Las encuestas indican que el público está más preocupado por el costo del seguro de propiedad que por los impuestos a la propiedad. ¿Cuál es su opinión y por qué?

Candidate questionnaire response

Florida families aren't just fighting rising prices — they're fighting a system with no real competition, where a handful of players in every major industry set the price and everyone else pays it. I will treat Florida the way it deserves to be treated: as its own economic power. With nearly 24 million people, Florida is bigger than most countries. That gives us leverage — and I will use it. As Governor, I will bring that leverage to every major cost driver hurting Florida families: healthcare and insurance, homeowners' and auto insurance, food and grocery costs, energy, and housing. I will use the full negotiating power of a 24-million-person market to demand better prices, more competition, and more options — sector by sector, industry by industry.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

James W. Shaw direct candidate responses ↗
Care & public health

I love Florida, and I'm tired of watching it get paved over, roughly 45,000 acres of farmland a year, gone. I have 28 grandchildren who love this state too, and I want there to be a Florida left for them. I saw a headline calling the leading opponent "the $67 Million Man" — nothing about the people,…

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Source topic or question: Why are you running for this elected position? What are the two most compelling issues on which, if elected, you feel you can make a difference? ¿Por qué se postula para este cargo electo? ¿Cuáles son los dos temas más importantes en los que, si es electo/a, cree que puede hacer una diferencia para nuestro estado?

Candidate questionnaire response

I love Florida, and I'm tired of watching it get paved over, roughly 45,000 acres of farmland a year, gone. I have 28 grandchildren who love this state too, and I want there to be a Florida left for them. I saw a headline calling the leading opponent "the $67 Million Man" — nothing about the people, just PAC money raised. That's not me. I'm completely self-funded, beholden to no PAC and no special interest. I report only to the people of Florida, not to the donors who write the big checks. Economic Freedom / Lower Living Costs Shaw supports business-friendly policies for agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism that create real opportunity for Florida families. Shaw will aggressively pursue lowering living costs by creating competition driven solutions such as researching promising peptide and anti-parasitic healthcare treatments. Family Security First – As a father of 8 and grandfather of 28, Shaw frames protecting food, water, and public safety as protecting Florida's families

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

James W. Shaw direct candidate responses ↗
Race groups · Page 1 of 14
How statements are selected

This section matches specific health coverage, healthcare costs, access to care and public health terms in retained, attributed source text from published Florida candidate profiles. A profile heading or biography alone does not qualify. The Florida geography is fixed; saved state preferences cannot change these results. A mention can concern a community or group rather than Florida’s statewide measure.

Matching is automatic and does not establish a candidate’s stance, the accuracy of a claim, or an effect on the measured result. Results are grouped by recorded race, then by candidate name. Within each candidate, the matching issue mentions appear first. Only candidates with matching retained statements are shown; this is not a complete race roster. Repeated identical text for the same candidate is shown once. Coverage follows the existing state profiles and is not a complete record of all candidates or everything they have said. Review dates are not statement dates.

Florida incumbents

What incumbents are proposing

Explore reviewed bills sponsored by current Florida legislators and Florida’s congressional delegation, plus retained proposals from Florida’s governor and agencies. Each record keeps its latest recorded status and official evidence.

84 matching sponsorships or proposals · 55 Florida incumbents. These filters apply only to this section.

Agriculture Commissioner Wilton Simpson

Florida Commissioner of Agriculture · R–FL

1 proposal
View proposals from Agriculture Commissioner Wilton Simpson
Florida agencies · State policy proposal

Commissioner Wilton Simpson Proposes Legislation to Protect Floridians’ Firearm, Ammunition Purchasing Data

Jan 10, 2023 · Policy proposed

Agriculture Commissioner Wilton Simpson · Proposed

FactVote reviewed summary

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. – Today, Florida Commissioner of Agriculture Wilton Simpson, State Senator Danny Burgess, and State Representative John Snyder announced proposed legislation to prohibit the collection of Floridians’ financial data from firearm and ammunition purchases. Brevard County Sheriff Wayne Ivey and other stakeholders joined Commissioner Simpson for the announcement of this first-in-the-nation policy proposal.

Policy proposed on January 10, 2023.

Why this record is included

The proposal directly concerns protection of firearm and ammunition purchasing data. It does not establish an effect on Florida's firearm mortality rate.

Retained Florida evidence context: Firearm deaths. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. – Today, Florida Commissioner of Agriculture Wilton Simpson, State Senator Danny Burgess, and State Representative John Snyder announced proposed legislation to prohibit the collection of Floridians’ financial data from firearm and ammunition purchases. Brevard County Sheriff…
Review official supporting evidence ↗

Rep. Aaron Bean

U.S. representative for Florida, District 4 · R–FL

1 proposal
View proposals from Rep. Aaron Bean
U.S. Congress · Florida delegation · H.R.1279

To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to establish a community engagement requirement for certain individuals under the Medicaid program.

Feb 13, 2025 · Introduced

Rep. Aaron Bean · Sponsored

FactVote reviewed summary

This bill establishes community engagement requirements (i.e., work requirements) for certain adults under Medicaid. Specifically, the bill requires individuals ages 18 through 65 to work, engage in community service, or participate in a work program (or a combination of these) for at least 80 hours per month. The bill prohibits federal payments for, and allows state Medicaid programs to disenroll, individuals who do not meet these requirements for three or more months in a year. The requirements do not apply to individuals who are (1) physically or mentally unfit to work, (2) pregnant, (3) parents or caretakers of children or incapacitated individuals, (4) complying with work requirements…

Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

Why this record is included

The federal measure directly changes or reviews eligibility, enrollment, or continuity under Medicaid, CHIP, or Affordable Care Act coverage. It does not establish an effect on Florida's under-65 uninsured rate.

Retained Florida evidence context: People under 65 without health insurance. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

This bill establishes community engagement requirements (i.e., work requirements) for certain adults under Medicaid.
Review official supporting evidence ↗

Rep. Alex Andrade

Florida House · District 2 · R–FL

1 proposal
View proposals from Rep. Alex Andrade
Florida Legislature · HB 5301

Health Care

Mar 13, 2026 · Died pending reference review under Rule 4.7(2)

Rep. Alex Andrade · Sponsored

FactVote reviewed summary

The bill would have created a Department of Children and Families eligibility-assistance program and revised Medicaid reimbursement and waiver funding. It did not become law.

The official Florida Legislature record lists this final action on March 13, 2026: Senate - Died pending reference review under Rule 4.7(2).

Why this record is included

The proposal would have created an eligibility-assistance program and changed Medicaid funding and reimbursement provisions. It did not become law or directly alter the Census insurance measure.

Retained Florida evidence context: People under 65 without health insurance. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

Creates Eligibility Assistance Program within DCF; provides program requirements.
Review official supporting evidence ↗

Rep. Alex Rizo

Florida House · District 112 · R–FL

2 proposals
View proposals from Rep. Alex Rizo
Florida Legislature · CS/CS/HB 757

School Safety

May 18, 2026 · Enacted · Chapter 2026-80

Rep. Michelle Salzman · Sponsored / Rep. Alex Rizo · Sponsored

FactVote reviewed summary

The law expands guardian-program participation at public postsecondary institutions and creates a criminal offense for discharging a weapon or firearm within 1,000 feet of a school.

The measure became Chapter 2026-80 on May 18, 2026.

Why this record is included

The law expands guardian-program participation and creates an offense for discharging a weapon or firearm near a school. The official record does not establish an effect on statewide firearm deaths.

Retained Florida evidence context: Firearm deaths. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

Creates the offense of discharging a weapon or firearm within 1,000 feet of a school.
Review official supporting evidence ↗
Florida Legislature · CS/HB 1121

Aging and Disability Services

May 12, 2026 · Enacted · Chapter 2026-74

Rep. Alex Rizo · Sponsored / Rep. Fabián Basabe · Sponsored

FactVote reviewed summary

The law revises Florida's aging and disability services, including Medicaid long-term-care enrollment offers, statewide pre-enrollment lists, assessments, and oversight of area agencies on aging.

The Governor approved the bill on May 11, 2026; it became Chapter 2026-74 on May 12.

Why this record is included

The law changes access and pre-enrollment processes within Medicaid long-term care, which relates to the card's Medicaid enrollment context. It does not directly change the Census uninsured-rate definition.

Retained Florida evidence context: People under 65 without health insurance. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

Revising requirements for Medicaid recipients to receive an offer for enrollment for long-term care services.
Review official supporting evidence ↗

Rep. Allison Tant

Florida House · District 9 · D–FL

1 proposal
View proposals from Rep. Allison Tant
Florida Legislature · CS/HB 915

Medical Assistance Eligibility for Working Individuals with Disabilities

May 22, 2026 · Enacted · Chapter 2026-88

Rep. Allison Tant · Sponsored

FactVote reviewed summary

The law creates a Working People with Disabilities program with income, asset, notice, and information-sharing requirements.

The measure became Chapter 2026-88 on May 22, 2026.

Why this record is included

The law creates a medical-assistance eligibility program for specified working adults with disabilities. It directly addresses public coverage eligibility but does not define the Census uninsured rate.

Retained Florida evidence context: People under 65 without health insurance. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

Creates Working People with Disabilities program within AHCA; provides for purpose of program; provides eligibility requirements.
Review official supporting evidence ↗

Rep. Berny Jacques

Florida House · District 59 · R–FL

1 proposal
View proposals from Rep. Berny Jacques
Florida Legislature · HB 1181

Juvenile Justice

Apr 29, 2024 · Enacted · Chapter 2024-130

Rep. Berny Jacques · Sponsored

FactVote reviewed summary

Juvenile Justice; Revises penalties for minors committing firearms violations; redesignates civil citation programs as delinquency citation programs; requires child on probation for felony firearm offense who is taken into custody be placed in secure detention; requires specified sanctions for certain children adjudicated for firearms offenses; requires DJJ to create graduated response matrix to hold youths accountable for probation & conditional release terms; authorizes exception to revocation or suspension of…

The measure became Chapter 2024-130 on April 29, 2024.

Why this record is included

The measure directly governs firearm access, carry, commerce, offenses, or violence-prevention rules. It does not establish an effect on Florida's firearm mortality rate.

Retained Florida evidence context: Firearm deaths. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

Juvenile Justice; Revises penalties for minors committing firearms violations; redesignates civil citation programs as delinquency citation programs; requires child on probation for felony firearm offense who is taken into custody be placed in secure detention; requires specified sanctions for…
Review official supporting evidence ↗
What sponsorship and proposal counts tell us

Only current Florida officeholders retained in the reviewed collection qualify. Bills require a recorded primary sponsorship; cosponsors and signing officials are excluded from sponsorship counts. An official introducer recorded as acting by request is labeled “Introduced by request”; that procedural role does not establish personal policy endorsement. Governor and agency records qualify when recorded as proposed. A separately verified governor transmittal can also establish an original proposal whose latest status reflects its later outcome. Signing an enacted law alone does not establish a proposal. A record appearing under several facts is counted once per officeholder. A bill with multiple primary sponsors appears under each recorded sponsor.

Enacted bills, adopted resolutions and unsuccessful measures remain visible as proposal history. Passing one chamber is not enactment. These counts do not measure effectiveness or prove that an action changed a Florida statistic. Collection reviewed Sep 2, 2026.