Colorado prices and inflation

Gross rent includes contract rent and tenant-paid utilities. Rental protections, assistance, and housing supply concern components of rental-market conditions; they do not set Colorado’s median rent. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the fact’s measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.

Retained Colorado evidence context: Median gross rent. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

The bill establishes requirements for landlords, unit owners, and associations governing common interest communities (association) for billing a tenant for utility service. A landlord, a unit owner, or an association may individually bill a tenant using a submeter or bill a tenant through a ratio utility billing system, which is a system that allocates utility service costs among individual tenants based on a unit's square footage, occupancy, or other physical characteristics. Starting on January 1, 2027, all new residential construction must install individual submeters for each individual unit to measure water consumption for each unit. A tenant's utility bill for water utility service must be calculated based on the individual submeter reading. For existing residential properties and other types of utility service other than water service, the landlord, unit owner, or association may use a ratio utility billing system if they meet certain requirements. A landlord, a unit owner, or an association shall disclose to a tenant in the tenant's rental agreement the method by which the tenant's utility bills will be calculated. If a landlord, a unit owner, or an association uses a ratio utility billing system, they must deduct at least 10% of the total utility service bill before allocating individual costs to tenants in order to account for utility service to common areas of a residential premises. If a landlord, a unit owner, or an association is found in violation of the provisions of the bill, the aggrieved tenant may file a civil action in court and, if the tenant prevails, recover actual damages from utility bill overages, additional damages in an amount not to exceed 25% of the utility bill overages, and any attorney fees or court costs. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as introduced.)

The fact measures the statewide Colorado retail price of regular gasoline including taxes. Fuel taxes, fees, supply and retail pricing rules concern components of pump prices; they do not determine the statewide average. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the fact’s measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.

Retained Colorado evidence context: Regular gasoline price. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

Contingent upon voter approval at the November 2026 general election of a proposed initiative to amend the state constitution to change existing law on transportation funding and to increase the amount of state revenue dedicated to road transportation (proposed initiative), from January 1, 2027, through July 1, 2030, the act reduces: The excise tax on gasoline from $0.22 per gallon to $0.14 per gallon; The excise tax on special fuel from $0.205 per gallon to $0.13 per gallon; Certain vehicle registration fees, including late fees; and The road usage fees from $0.06 per gallon to $0.04 per gallon and then, beginning in state fiscal year 2027-28, as necessary to offset the amount of state revenue diverted to transportation uses as the result of the proposed initiative. The act creates the support road transportation fund (fund) contingent upon voter approval of the proposed initiative. The fund consists of state revenue dedicated to road transportation by the proposed initiative. Money in the fund is used to replace certain transportation-related general fund transfers for payments for the financed purchase of assets or certificate of participation agreements, and to replace certain general fund transfers to the state highway fund. The money remaining in the fund after making these transfers is allocated as follows: 60% is paid to the state highway fund; 23% is paid to counties for certain transportation expenses; and 17% is paid to cities and incorporated towns for certain transportation expenses. The act clarifies that state revenue collected to support road transportation, as defined in the proposed initiative, does not include enterprise fee revenue. The act creates the road enterprise to complete preventive maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, and reconstruction projects to improve the condition of the roadway surface of the state highway system. The road enterprise is authorized to impose fees for oversize and overweight vehicles and longer vehicle combinations. The creation of the road enterprise is not contingent upon voter approval of the proposed initiative.

The fact measures the statewide Colorado retail price of regular gasoline including taxes. Fuel taxes, fees, supply and retail pricing rules concern components of pump prices; they do not determine the statewide average. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the fact’s measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.

Retained Colorado evidence context: Regular gasoline price. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

The act restructures the excise tax on gasoline and special fuel (fuels) by: Modifying the point of taxation; Eliminating the 3 tax deferred transactions; Exempting the tax from the import or removal of fuels by bulk transfer to, from, or within a terminal or refinery in certain circumstances; Permitting the 2% allowance to cover losses for terminals that are outside of the state; Requiring a terminal operator to verify that the person receiving the fuels is a licensee or is exempt from taxation; Specifying when the tax is imposed on an importer, blender, seller of liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas, user, and other distributor; Harmonizing provisions applicable to the exemption for governments; Explicitly identifying certain fuels used in aircrafts as being exempt; Codifying that a distributor has the burden of proving that fuels are exempt; Codifying the exemption for the removal of fuels from a terminal by a licensed exporter exclusively for delivery to another state; Requiring a terminal operator to be licensed, which is the current practice; Consolidating the penalties for acting without a license; Making conforming changes related to the aforementioned changes; Reorganizing and relocating provisions; and Modernizing language. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

The fact measures the statewide Colorado retail price of regular gasoline including taxes. Fuel taxes, fees, supply and retail pricing rules concern components of pump prices; they do not determine the statewide average. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the fact’s measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.

Retained Colorado evidence context: Regular gasoline price. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

The act restructures the excise tax on gasoline and special fuel (fuels) by: Modifying the point of taxation; Eliminating the 3 tax deferred transactions; Exempting the tax from the import or removal of fuels by bulk transfer to, from, or within a terminal or refinery in certain circumstances; Permitting the 2% allowance to cover losses for terminals that are outside of the state; Requiring a terminal operator to verify that the person receiving the fuels is a licensee or is exempt from taxation; Specifying when the tax is imposed on an importer, blender, seller of liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas, user, and other distributor; Harmonizing provisions applicable to the exemption for governments; Explicitly identifying certain fuels used in aircrafts as being exempt; Codifying that a distributor has the burden of proving that fuels are exempt; Codifying the exemption for the removal of fuels from a terminal by a licensed exporter exclusively for delivery to another state; Requiring a terminal operator to be licensed, which is the current practice; Consolidating the penalties for acting without a license; Making conforming changes related to the aforementioned changes; Reorganizing and relocating provisions; and Modernizing language. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

Gross rent includes contract rent and tenant-paid utilities. Rental protections, assistance, and housing supply concern components of rental-market conditions; they do not set Colorado’s median rent. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the fact’s measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.

Retained Colorado evidence context: Median gross rent. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

The bill repeals statutory provisions prohibiting counties and municipalities from enacting any ordinance or resolution that would control rent on private residential property or a private residential housing unit (rent control) and sets the following guidelines for the enactment of rent control: Rent control must be uniformly applied among all renters that are similarly situated; Rent control must be uniformly applied among all private residential properties and private residential housing units that are similarly situated; except that: For 15 years from the date on which the first certificate of occupancy was issued, no rent control may be applied; Rent control may be applied to a mobile home or mobile home park regardless of the date the mobile home or mobile home park was built or the date a certificate of occupancy was issued; and No rent control may be applied to housing units provided by nonprofit organizations and regulated by fair market rents published by the United States department of housing and urban development or any other similar federal or state program; and Rent control that limits the amount of an annual rent increase must not impose a limit less than the percentage increase in the consumer price index plus three percentage points plus reasonable increases reflective of the actual costs of substantial renovations. Regardless of the first two of these guidelines, the bill permits a local government to have or adopt an ordinance or regulation that is expressly intended and designed to increase the supply of affordable housing. The bill also makes a conforming amendment. (Note: Italicized words indicate new material added to the original summary; dashes through words indicate deletions from the original summary.) (Note: This summary applies to the reengrossed version of this bill as introduced in the second house.)

The fact measures the statewide Colorado retail price of regular gasoline including taxes. Fuel taxes, fees, supply and retail pricing rules concern components of pump prices; they do not determine the statewide average. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the fact’s measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.

Retained Colorado evidence context: Regular gasoline price. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

Contingent upon voter approval at the November 2026 general election of a proposed initiative to amend the state constitution to change existing law on transportation funding and to increase the amount of state revenue dedicated to road transportation (proposed initiative), from January 1, 2027, through July 1, 2030, the act reduces: The excise tax on gasoline from $0.22 per gallon to $0.14 per gallon; The excise tax on special fuel from $0.205 per gallon to $0.13 per gallon; Certain vehicle registration fees, including late fees; and The road usage fees from $0.06 per gallon to $0.04 per gallon and then, beginning in state fiscal year 2027-28, as necessary to offset the amount of state revenue diverted to transportation uses as the result of the proposed initiative. The act creates the support road transportation fund (fund) contingent upon voter approval of the proposed initiative. The fund consists of state revenue dedicated to road transportation by the proposed initiative. Money in the fund is used to replace certain transportation-related general fund transfers for payments for the financed purchase of assets or certificate of participation agreements, and to replace certain general fund transfers to the state highway fund. The money remaining in the fund after making these transfers is allocated as follows: 60% is paid to the state highway fund; 23% is paid to counties for certain transportation expenses; and 17% is paid to cities and incorporated towns for certain transportation expenses. The act clarifies that state revenue collected to support road transportation, as defined in the proposed initiative, does not include enterprise fee revenue. The act creates the road enterprise to complete preventive maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, and reconstruction projects to improve the condition of the roadway surface of the state highway system. The road enterprise is authorized to impose fees for oversize and overweight vehicles and longer vehicle combinations. The creation of the road enterprise is not contingent upon voter approval of the proposed initiative.