THE GREEN MOUNTAIN STATE

Vermont

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State snapshot

Vermont facts

Explore dated, statewide figures across taxes and the economy, housing, public safety, health, education, and other civic topics.

Explore Vermont individual facts and compare every state →

14 topic facts + fiscal overview + 9 state trends + 22 reviewed government links

Public money

How Vermont funds state services

Vermont's enacted FY2027 non-duplicate all-funds budget, FY2025 audited State tax revenue and activity, and current tax rates. The budget and audited sections preserve their different periods and accounting scopes.

Enacted budget plan

$9.4BFY2027

Enacted as Act 144, approved June 16, 2026

FY2027 non-duplicate all-funds budget

July 1, 2026–June 30, 2027

Exact reported total: $9,381,160,606

The Joint Fiscal Office's enacted Big Bill report identifies $11.940 billion of gross appropriations and $9.381 billion after removing duplicate fund flows. FactVote uses the official non-duplicate total so Global Commitment, internal-service, interdepartmental, local-match, pension-trust, enterprise, and other pass-through fund types are not counted again. Act 144 is Vermont's primary FY2027 operating and non-bond capital appropriations act.

Vermont Joint Fiscal Office: FY2027 Big Bill Conference Web Report — July 28, 2026

FY2027

How the enacted budget is financed

$9.4B$9,381,160,606

Federal funds$3.2B · 34.6%

Federal funding remaining after the report's duplicate-fund exclusions.

General Fund$2.6B · 27.4%

Vermont's broadly available General Fund appropriations.

Education Fund$2.5B · 26.9%

Dedicated funding for prekindergarten-through-grade-12 education and related statewide education costs.

Other dedicated State funds$695.6M · 7.4%

Special, Tobacco, State Health Care Resources, Fish and Wildlife, and Transportation Infrastructure Bond funds combined.

Transportation Fund$341.9M · 3.6%

The principal State transportation fund, separate from federal and Transportation Infrastructure Bond funding.

FY2025 ACFR actual

Where State tax revenue comes from

$5.0B$5,005,373,653

The seven tax lines reported as general revenue for Vermont's primary government on the government-wide Statement of Activities. Charges, grants, investment earnings, settlement revenue, miscellaneous revenue, and business-type activity are outside this tax-only chart.

Personal and corporate income taxes$1.7B · 33.9%

The combined personal- and corporate-income-tax line in the ACFR statement.

Statewide education property tax$1.5B · 29.9%

Statewide education-property-tax revenue collected through municipalities; municipal property taxes for local services are not included.

Other taxes$708.5M · 14.2%

The ACFR's residual tax category, separate from the six tax types shown individually.

Sales and use taxes$620.1M · 12.4%

State general sales-and-use-tax revenue recognized by the primary government.

Meals and rooms taxes$264.5M · 5.3%

Taxes on taxable meals and lodging, reported separately from general sales and use tax.

Purchase and use tax$145.1M · 2.9%

Vermont's motor-vehicle purchase-and-use-tax revenue.

Motor-fuel tax$73.5M · 1.5%

State motor-fuel-tax revenue recognized in FY2025.

FY2027 enacted non-duplicate all-funds budget

FY2027 budget by government function

$9.4B$9,381,160,606

FactVote removes the same duplicate fund types used in the report's statewide non-duplicate total from each official government-function row, then groups the five smallest statewide functions together. The resulting categories reconcile exactly to $9.381 billion.

Human services$3.8B · 40.9%

Health, Medicaid, human-services, and related appropriations after removing duplicate internal fund flows.

General education$3.0B · 32.1%

Prekindergarten-through-grade-12 education and other programs in the report's General Education function.

Transportation$869.5M · 9.3%

Transportation operations and appropriations across State, federal, and dedicated funds.

Protection to persons and property$679.2M · 7.2%

Public safety, courts, corrections, regulation, and related protection functions.

General government and statewide items$368.1M · 3.9%

General Government, Labor, allocations, one-time and contingent appropriations, other bills, and debt service combined.

Natural resources$290.7M · 3.1%

Environmental, conservation, agriculture, parks, and other natural-resource programs.

Commerce and community development$177.4M · 1.9%

Housing, economic development, community programs, and related commerce functions.

Higher education$141.5M · 1.5%

State appropriations classified in the report's Higher Education function.

Tax structure

Common statewide rates

Property and district rates can be local. Each card states the applicable scope.

Individual income tax

3.35%–8.75%Vermont uses four marginal personal-income-tax rates: 3.35%, 6.6%, 7.6%, and 8.75%; taxable-income brackets are adjusted annually.Vermont General Assembly: 32 V.S.A. § 5822 — Tax on income of individuals, estates, and trusts

Corporate income tax

6%–8.5%The corporate schedule is 6% on the first $10,000 of Vermont net income, 7% on the next bracket, and 8.5% above $25,000, subject to applicable minimum taxes.Vermont General Assembly: 32 V.S.A. § 5832 — Tax on income of corporations

Sales and use tax

6% + 1% local optionVermont's general sales and use tax is 6%. Some municipalities add a 1% local-option sales tax; the local option does not apply to use tax.Vermont Department of Taxes: Vermont Sales and Use Tax — Contractors guidance

Education property tax

$1.643 nonhomestead baseFor FY2027, the statewide nonhomestead rate is $1.643 per $100 of equalized education property value. Homestead education rates and final billed rates vary by municipality, district spending, and equalization; municipal property tax is additional.Vermont General Assembly: Act 169 of 2026 — FY2027 Education Property Tax Yields and Rate

Meals, rooms, and alcohol taxes

9% meals/rooms; 10% alcoholTaxable meals and room charges are generally subject to 9%; alcoholic beverages sold for immediate consumption are subject to 10%. A 1% local option may apply in participating municipalities.Vermont Department of Taxes: Caterers — Meals, Rooms, Alcohol, and Local Option Tax Guidance

Latest audited results

Fiscal year ended June 30, 2025

Government-wide revenue and expenses for Vermont's primary government on the accrual basis, combining governmental and business-type activities and excluding component units. Revenue is program revenue plus total general revenues and transfers; transfers cancel between the two primary-government columns.

State of Vermont, Department of Finance and Management: Vermont FY2025 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report

Government-wide revenue: $9.7B
Government-wide expenses: $9.0B

Method, scope, and limitations

FactVote used the enacted Joint Fiscal Office Big Bill report's exact non-duplicate FY2027 total and fund mix. For spending, it subtracted the report's duplicate fund types from each official government function and grouped small statewide functions without changing their combined value. FY2025 tax shares and audited activity come from the primary-government columns of the ACFR Statement of Activities; current rates come from Vermont statutes, enacted law, and Department of Taxes guidance.

The $9.381 billion budget headline is the official non-duplicate total; the report's $11.940 billion gross total includes internal and pass-through fund flows that should not be added again.
Function-level spending is a FactVote reconstruction from the official fund-by-function table using the same duplicate-fund exclusions as the statewide total.
Appropriations are spending authority, not actual expenditures, and later transfers or supplemental acts can change available amounts.
The FY2025 audited results cover a completed year and are not a cash-basis comparison with the FY2027 budget.
The ACFR combines personal and corporate income taxes and uses a broad Other taxes line, so those audited categories cannot be split further from the government-wide statement alone.
Property-tax bills combine education and municipal components; homestead and final local rates vary by municipality and taxpayer circumstances.

Last verified August 29, 2026 · Review by August 31, 2027 · Vermont figures refresh annually.

Taxes and the economy

Taxes, government spending, jobs, wages, and small business.

Taxes and economy

$81,203

Median household income

2020–2024 estimate

Median money income received by Vermont households, expressed in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

Income is not take-home pay and does not directly measure taxes, wealth, prices, or purchasing power.
A statewide median obscures regional and household differences.

Related state trends

Taxes and economy over time

Employment and unemployment place the latest economic facts in a longer statewide context.

Work

Employment and unemployment

2.3%unemployed

The unemployment rate is paired with employed Vermont residents indexed to 2015, so job recovery and labor-market slack remain readable on separate scales.

Unemployment rate
Employed people

Unemployment rate: 2.3%
Employed people: 345.4K
Employment since 2015: +1.7%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Unemployment rate

Vermont: 2.3%
U.S. benchmark: 4.0%
State rank #1 has the highest unemployment rate — worse: #49 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via FRED: National unemployment rate

View chart data

Year	Unemployment rate	Employed people	Employment index
2015	3.5%	339,663	100.0
2016	3.1%	341,341	100.5
2017	2.9%	343,867	101.2
2018	2.5%	345,517	101.7
2019	2.1%	345,401	101.7
2020	5.6%	319,998	94.2
2021	3.5%	323,234	95.2
2022	2.3%	334,240	98.4
2023	1.9%	342,686	100.9
2024	2.3%	345,352	101.7

Method and limitations

FactVote uses BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics annual averages for the statewide unemployment rate and civilian employment. The chart converts employment to an index with 2015 equal to 100; the data table retains the published employment level.

LAUS estimates are revised each year through the program's annual processing cycle.
Employment is residence-based civilian employment, not a count of jobs located in the state.
Annual averages smooth within-year changes.

Housing and property costs

Housing supply, affordability, renters, zoning, and property costs.

Housing

$1,234/month

Median gross rent

2020–2024 estimate

Median monthly gross rent for renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent, including contract rent plus estimated average utility and fuel costs paid by the renter.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate and expressed in 2024 dollars.

Keep in mind

This is a multi-year statewide estimate, not a current asking-rent measure.
The median obscures differences by location, unit size, housing quality, and renter circumstances.

Related state trends

Housing over time

Home values and household income show how Vermont housing costs and purchasing power have changed together.

Housing pressure

Home prices versus income growth

+94.3%home prices

FHFA house prices and BEA personal income per person are indexed to the same starting year. A widening gap signals that home prices are rising faster than this broad income measure.

FHFA home prices
Income per person

Home-price growth: +94.3%
Income growth: +52.7%
Income per person: $74,580

U.S. comparison & state rank2025

Home-price growth

Vermont: +94.3%
U.S. benchmark: +86.6%
State rank #1 has the fastest home-price growth — depends on perspective: #17 of 50

Income growth

Vermont: +52.7%
U.S. benchmark: +55.9%
State rank #1 has the fastest income growth — better: #32 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.Federal Housing Finance Agency: U.S. House Price Index U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis via FRED: U.S. personal income per capita

View chart data

Year	FHFA HPI	Home-price index	Income per person	Income index
2016	322.46	100.0	$48,827	100.0
2017	329.70	102.2	$50,009	102.4
2018	338.98	105.1	$51,691	105.9
2019	351.43	109.0	$54,278	111.2
2020	370.07	114.8	$58,157	119.1
2021	422.91	131.2	$61,110	125.2
2022	498.24	154.5	$63,829	130.7
2023	551.24	170.9	$68,021	139.3
2024	598.46	185.6	$71,505	146.4
2025	626.42	194.3	$74,580	152.7

Method and limitations

FactVote averages the four quarterly, not-seasonally-adjusted FHFA all-transactions HPI observations for each year. It compares that series with BEA annual per-capita personal income distributed by FRED, then rebases both to 100 in 2016.

This is a pressure indicator, not a home-price-to-income ratio and not a measure of monthly mortgage affordability.
Both series are nominal; neither is adjusted for inflation.
Per-capita personal income includes earnings, property income, and transfers and is not median household income.

Public safety and criminal justice

Policing, crime prevention, sentencing, incarceration, and rehabilitation.

Public safety and justice

227.1 per 100,000

Reported violent-crime rate

2024

Violent offenses reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

FactVote sums the 12 monthly state offense rates returned by the FBI Crime Data Explorer for each calendar year. The accompanying coverage value is the mean of the 12 monthly population-coverage percentages returned with the same query.

Keep in mind

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Vermont's average monthly population coverage remained at or above 97.6% throughout this series, but coverage still varies and does not equal complete statewide reporting.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.
Average monthly population coverage in 2024 was 100%; this is not complete statewide reporting.

Public safety and justice

1,667.4 per 100,000

Reported property-crime rate

2024

Property offenses reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

Keep in mind

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Vermont's average monthly population coverage remained at or above 97.6% throughout this series, but coverage still varies and does not equal complete statewide reporting.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.
Average monthly population coverage in 2024 was 100%; this is not complete statewide reporting.

Public safety and justice

Homicide deaths

2024 final data

Deaths for which homicide was the underlying cause, with the rate age-adjusted per 100,000 residents.

View breakdowns and source

Population-adjusted measure

Age-adjusted homicide death rate: 3.2 per 100,000

How it was measured

CDC National Vital Statistics System death-certificate data.

Keep in mind

Homicide mortality is not the same as offenses reported to police and does not include nonfatal violence.
With a small count, the rate can be statistically unstable; counts and rates do not establish causes or the effect of a particular policy.

Related state trends

Public safety and justice over time

Reported violent- and property-crime rates are shown with the coverage cautions needed to compare years responsibly.

Public safety

Reported violent and property crime rates

100.0% coverage

Reported offenses per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions. Amber points flag years when average monthly population coverage was below 90%.

Violent crime
Property crime
Partial reporting

Violent crime: 227.1 per 100k
Property crime: 1667.4 per 100k
Population coverage: 100.0%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Violent-crime rate

Vermont: 227.1 per 100k
U.S. benchmark: 359.1 per 100k
State rank #1 has the highest violent-crime rate — worse: #40 of 50

Property-crime rate

Vermont: 1667.4 per 100k
U.S. benchmark: 1760.1 per 100k
State rank #1 has the highest property-crime rate — worse: #27 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.An asterisk marks a state-year with less than 90% average population coverage. The U.S. figures are FBI national estimates; state figures are reported rates.Federal Bureau of Investigation: UCR Summary of Reported Crimes in the Nation, 2024

View chart data

Year	Violent rate	Property rate	Population coverage
2015	122.3 per 100k	1475.4 per 100k	99.8%
2016	131.5 per 100k	1517.7 per 100k	97.6%
2017	175.9 per 100k	1519.1 per 100k	99.7%
2018	179.8 per 100k	1319.3 per 100k	99.9%
2019	202.8 per 100k	1445.4 per 100k	100.0%
2020	181.5 per 100k	1277.6 per 100k	99.9%
2021	190.1 per 100k	1397.4 per 100k	99.8%
2022	224.4 per 100k	1714.5 per 100k	99.7%
2023	216.2 per 100k	1824.7 per 100k	99.9%
2024	227.1 per 100k	1667.4 per 100k	100.0%

Method and limitations

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Vermont's average monthly population coverage remained at or above 97.6% throughout this series, but coverage still varies and does not equal complete statewide reporting.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.

Healthcare

Coverage, prescription costs, Medicaid, and access to care.

Healthcare

5.4%

People under 65 without health insurance

2024 ACS annual estimate

Share of Vermont’s civilian noninstitutionalized residents under age 65 who lacked comprehensive health-insurance coverage at the time of the ACS survey.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the 2024 American Community Survey 1-year estimate.

Keep in mind

This is a survey estimate for people under 65 and does not describe coverage type or continuity of coverage.
Insurance status alone does not measure affordability, access, quality, or health outcomes.

Related state trends

Healthcare over time

Health-insurance coverage and life expectancy provide separate views of access and population health over time.

Health coverage

Residents without health insurance

4.2%uninsured

The share of the civilian noninstitutionalized population without health insurance at the time of the American Community Survey interview.

Uninsured rate
90% confidence margin

Uninsured rate: 4.2%
Margin of error: ±0.6 points

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Uninsured rate

Vermont: 4.2%
U.S. benchmark: 8.2%
State rank #1 has the highest uninsured rate — worse: #48 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Census Bureau: HIC-4_ACS health insurance coverage

View chart data

Year	Uninsured rate	90% margin of error
2014	5.0%	±0.4 points
2015	3.8%	±0.4 points
2016	3.7%	±0.4 points
2017	4.6%	±0.4 points
2018	4.0%	±0.5 points
2019	4.5%	±0.5 points
2020	Not released	—
2021	3.7%	±0.5 points
2022	3.9%	±0.5 points
2023	3.4%	±0.4 points
2024	4.2%	±0.6 points

Method and limitations

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's HIC-4_ACS historical table. Rates and 90% confidence margins of error are the published ACS 1-year estimates for the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

The Census Bureau did not release the standard 2020 ACS 1-year estimates because pandemic-era data collection did not meet its quality standards; the chart preserves that gap.
The rate is a survey estimate and the accompanying margin of error should be considered when comparing nearby values.
Coverage is measured at the interview and does not show how long someone was uninsured during the year.

Health outcomes

Life expectancy at birth

78.3 yearsat birth

Period life expectancy at birth based on Vermont's annual complete life tables and final state-specific death data.

Life expectancy at birth

U.S. comparison & state rank2022

Life expectancy

Vermont: 78.3 years
U.S. benchmark: 77.5 years
State rank #1 has the highest life expectancy — better: #14 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.CDC National Center for Health Statistics: U.S. state life tables, 2018–2022

View chart data

Year	Life expectancy at birth
2018	79.3 years
2019	79.8 years
2020	78.8 years
2021	78.4 years
2022	78.3 years

Method and limitations

FactVote uses CDC National Center for Health Statistics annual complete life-table estimates for the total Vermont population. Values are rounded to the published tenth of a year.

The latest published comparable state series ends in 2022, even though newer national life-expectancy estimates may be available.
Period life expectancy summarizes current mortality rates; it is not a forecast of how long a particular person will live.
The 2020 and 2021 estimates reflect the mortality shock during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Education

Public schools, school choice, teachers, and higher education.

Education

94.9%

Adults with at least a high school diploma

2020–2024 estimate

Share of Vermont residents age 25 and older whose reported attainment is a regular high school diploma or equivalent (including GED or an alternative credential), some college, or an associate’s or higher degree.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

This is an adult educational-attainment measure, not a current high-school graduation rate or a measure of school quality.
A statewide estimate can obscure differences across communities and demographic groups.

Related state trends

Education over time

Comparable NAEP assessment years show changes in statewide reading and mathematics performance.

Education

NAEP reading and math scores

212.7Grade 4 reading

Grade 4 and Grade 8 public-school mean scale scores from the Nation's Report Card. Reading and math are shown within each grade on their own panel.

Reading · circle
Math · square

Grade 4 reading: 212.7
Grade 4 math: 234.8
Grade 8 reading: 257.3
Grade 8 math: 275.6

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Grade 4 reading

Vermont: 212.7
U.S. benchmark: 215.0
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #36 of 50

Grade 4 math

Vermont: 234.8
U.S. benchmark: 237.5
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #36 of 50

Grade 8 reading

Vermont: 257.3
U.S. benchmark: 258.0
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #25 of 50

Grade 8 math

Vermont: 275.6
U.S. benchmark: 273.8
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #21 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.State ranks use public-school results. The U.S. benchmark includes the national public- and nonpublic-school sample.U.S. Department of Education, NCES: NAEP national results

View chart data

Assessment year	Grade 4 reading	Grade 4 math	Grade 8 reading	Grade 8 math
2003	226.1	241.9	270.5	285.6
2005	226.9	243.5	268.8	287.4
2007	228.2	246.4	273.0	291.0
2009	228.7	247.8	272.3	292.9
2011	226.8	246.6	273.8	293.9
2013	228.0	247.8	274.4	295.5
2015	230.1	243.3	274.0	290.4
2017	226.4	240.9	273.4	287.6
2019	221.8	238.9	268.5	286.6
2022	217.0	234.3	263.8	276.5
2024	212.7	234.8	257.3	275.6

Method and limitations

FactVote uses NAEP Data Service mean scale scores for all public-school students in Vermont. The series uses the total student group and the main reading and mathematics composite scales for Grade 4 and Grade 8.

NAEP is generally administered every two years; the 2021 administration was postponed, so the timeline moves from 2019 to 2022.
NAEP results are estimates from a sample. Statistical significance, not a visual gap alone, determines whether scores differ.
Each grade and subject has its own scale. Follow one line over time rather than comparing the numeric distance between grades or subjects.

Environment and energy

Clean water, conservation, climate, and energy production.

Environment

18.41¢/kWh

Average retail electricity price

2024

Average retail electricity revenue per kilowatthour across customer sectors in the EIA state profile.

View breakdowns and source

Electric system

Primary generation source: Hydroelectric
In-state net generation: 2.3 million MWh
Carbon dioxide emissions: 8,000 metric tons

How it was measured

U.S. Energy Information Administration Forms EIA-860, EIA-861, and EIA-923.

Keep in mind

The statewide average is not every customer's bill or current utility rate.
In-state generation differs from power consumed because electricity crosses state lines.

Environment

$4.19/gal

New England regular gasoline price

Week of September 7, 2026

Estimated average retail price of regular-grade gasoline across all formulations in EIA's New England region, including taxes. The region contains Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

Vermont$4.189/gal

United States$4.157/gal

The New England average was $0.032 per gallon higher, or about 0.8% above the U.S. average.

View breakdowns and source

Vermont and U.S. context

Regular gasoline price

Vermont: $4.189/gal
United States: $4.157/gal

The New England average was $0.032 per gallon higher, or about 0.8% above the U.S. average.

Both figures are EIA weekly retail estimates for regular gasoline, including taxes, for the week of September 7, 2026. The Vermont-side figure is the New England regional average, not a Vermont statewide estimate.U.S. Energy Information Administration: U.S. Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices

Recent EIA observations

Prior week: $4.096/gal
Weekly change: +9.3¢
One year earlier: $3.110/gal
Change from one year earlier: +107.9¢

How it was measured

FactVote uses EIA’s New England series, the smallest current EIA retail region that includes Vermont. Changes are calculated from the published August 31, 2026 (prior week), and September 8, 2025 (52 weeks earlier), observations.

Keep in mind

EIA does not publish a current Vermont statewide weekly gasoline-price series. This New England regional estimate should not be read as Vermont’s statewide average.
The regional average combines Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, and does not represent the price at every station or in every Vermont community.
Prices are nominal and not adjusted for inflation or seasonal patterns. Weekly estimates can be revised and can differ from monthly averages.
Price changes alone do not establish the effect of any bill, official, or government action.

Related state trends

Environment over time

Vermont electricity generation, residential power prices, and gasoline prices show how the state's energy costs and supply have changed.

Energy

Electricity mix and residential price

21.90¢/kWhresidential average

In-state utility-scale electricity generation by energy source is paired with the annual average residential electricity price on a separate scale.

Natural gas0.0%
Coal0.0%
Nuclear0.0%
Solar9.6%
Hydroelectric56.8%
Wind15.7%
Other17.8%

Residential price: 21.90¢/kWh
Total generation: 2.3 TWh
Largest source: Hydroelectric · 56.8%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Residential electricity price

Vermont: 21.90¢/kWh
U.S. benchmark: 16.48¢/kWh
State rank #1 has the highest electricity price — worse: #10 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Energy Information Administration: National residential electricity price

View chart data

Year	Total generation	Natural gas	Solar	Hydroelectric	Wind	Other	Residential price
2015	1.982 TWh	0.001 TWh	0.048 TWh	1.139 TWh	0.325 TWh	0.468 TWh	17.09¢/kWh
2016	1.911 TWh	0.002 TWh	0.059 TWh	1.078 TWh	0.291 TWh	0.482 TWh	17.37¢/kWh
2017	2.141 TWh	0.002 TWh	0.099 TWh	1.280 TWh	0.305 TWh	0.455 TWh	17.68¢/kWh
2018	2.179 TWh	0.002 TWh	0.107 TWh	1.268 TWh	0.373 TWh	0.429 TWh	18.02¢/kWh
2019	2.290 TWh	0.002 TWh	0.147 TWh	1.337 TWh	0.377 TWh	0.426 TWh	17.71¢/kWh
2020	2.156 TWh	0.002 TWh	0.183 TWh	1.130 TWh	0.384 TWh	0.458 TWh	19.54¢/kWh
2021	2.108 TWh	0.002 TWh	0.173 TWh	1.093 TWh	0.338 TWh	0.501 TWh	19.26¢/kWh
2022	2.184 TWh	0.001 TWh	0.202 TWh	1.141 TWh	0.409 TWh	0.430 TWh	19.93¢/kWh
2023	2.480 TWh	0.001 TWh	0.192 TWh	1.539 TWh	0.340 TWh	0.409 TWh	20.82¢/kWh
2024	2.259 TWh	0.001 TWh	0.217 TWh	1.284 TWh	0.355 TWh	0.402 TWh	21.90¢/kWh

Method and limitations

FactVote uses EIA's annual utility-scale net generation series and groups sources into seven categories. The residential price is EIA's annual average revenue per kilowatthour and includes generation, transmission, distribution, taxes, and fees reflected in electric bills.

Generation is electricity produced inside Vermont, not electricity consumed there; interstate imports and exports are not represented.
The consistent utility-scale series excludes estimated generation from small-scale solar systems under 1 megawatt. Hydroelectric combines conventional and pumped-storage net generation. Vermont's 'other' category is the residual of remaining reported sources; it is dominated by wood and wood-derived fuels and also includes other biomass, petroleum, and miscellaneous generation.
The residential price is a statewide nominal average and can mask large differences among utilities, plans, and household usage.

Fuel cost

Monthly regular gasoline price

$3.934/galmonthly average

Monthly regular-grade gasoline prices in EIA’s New England region show the market trend surrounding Vermont. The regional average includes Vermont.

Regular gasoline · monthly average

Price: $3.934/gal
From prior month: −16.7¢
From one year earlier: +91.3¢

U.S. comparison & state rank2026-07

Regular gasoline

Vermont: $3.934/gal
U.S. benchmark: $3.932/gal
State rank #1 has the highest gasoline price — worse: #13* of 49

* EIA does not publish a current Vermont statewide monthly gasoline-price series; this chart uses a six-state regional average, not a statewide measurement.

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.Gasoline ranks cover states with a published FactVote monthly series. An asterisk marks an EIA regional or metro proxy rather than a statewide measurement.U.S. Energy Information Administration: U.S. regular gasoline prices

View chart data

Month	Regular gasoline price
January 2020	$2.548/gal
February 2020	$2.458/gal
March 2020	$2.252/gal
April 2020	$1.879/gal
May 2020	$1.876/gal
June 2020	$2.025/gal
July 2020	$2.113/gal
August 2020	$2.126/gal
September 2020	$2.130/gal
October 2020	$2.102/gal
November 2020	$2.086/gal
December 2020	$2.167/gal
January 2021	$2.314/gal
February 2021	$2.471/gal
March 2021	$2.728/gal
April 2021	$2.761/gal
May 2021	$2.896/gal
June 2021	$2.977/gal
July 2021	$3.047/gal
August 2021	$3.056/gal
September 2021	$3.096/gal
October 2021	$3.248/gal
November 2021	$3.421/gal
December 2021	$3.391/gal
January 2022	$3.357/gal
February 2022	$3.510/gal
March 2022	$4.229/gal
April 2022	$4.046/gal
May 2022	$4.508/gal
June 2022	$4.958/gal
July 2022	$4.650/gal
August 2022	$4.195/gal
September 2022	$3.638/gal
October 2022	$3.558/gal
November 2022	$3.790/gal
December 2022	$3.427/gal
January 2023	$3.325/gal
February 2023	$3.343/gal
March 2023	$3.275/gal
April 2023	$3.378/gal
May 2023	$3.458/gal
June 2023	$3.530/gal
July 2023	$3.563/gal
August 2023	$3.760/gal
September 2023	$3.758/gal
October 2023	$3.614/gal
November 2023	$3.394/gal
December 2023	$3.219/gal
January 2024	$3.099/gal
February 2024	$3.146/gal
March 2024	$3.229/gal
April 2024	$3.450/gal
May 2024	$3.568/gal
June 2024	$3.444/gal
July 2024	$3.474/gal
August 2024	$3.373/gal
September 2024	$3.153/gal
October 2024	$3.035/gal
November 2024	$2.998/gal
December 2024	$2.988/gal
January 2025	$2.991/gal
February 2025	$2.999/gal
March 2025	$2.948/gal
April 2025	$2.940/gal
May 2025	$2.974/gal
June 2025	$3.001/gal
July 2025	$3.021/gal
August 2025	$3.049/gal
September 2025	$3.077/gal
October 2025	$2.968/gal
November 2025	$2.970/gal
December 2025	$2.919/gal
January 2026	$2.811/gal
February 2026	$2.836/gal
March 2026	$3.457/gal
April 2026	$3.979/gal
May 2026	$4.450/gal
June 2026	$4.101/gal
July 2026	$3.934/gal
August 2026	$4.023/gal

Method and limitations

FactVote uses EIA’s monthly New England (PADD 1A) Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices series. Monthly averages are simple averages of the published weekly estimates; prices include taxes.

This regional series covers Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; it is not a Vermont statewide average.
The regional average masks differences among states, communities, and individual stations.
Prices are nominal and not adjusted for inflation or seasonal patterns. The monthly series ends in August 2026 and can differ from the weekly fact.
Price changes alone do not establish the effect of any bill, official, or government action.

Gun policy and public safety

Firearm rights, gun-safety rules, and violence prevention.

Gun policy

Firearm deaths

2024 final data

Deaths in which firearm injury was the underlying cause, with the rate age-adjusted per 100,000 residents.

View breakdowns and source

Population-adjusted measure

Age-adjusted firearm death rate: 10.6 per 100,000

How it was measured

CDC National Vital Statistics System death-certificate data.

Keep in mind

The total combines firearm deaths across intents, including suicide, homicide, legal intervention, and unintentional or undetermined injury.
With a small count, the rate can be statistically unstable; it does not measure nonfatal injuries, firearm ownership, defensive uses, or policy effects.

Social Security, Medicare, and retirement

Retirement benefits, Medicare, and the long-term financing of these programs.

Immigration and border policy

Border enforcement, legal immigration, and pathways to citizenship.

Immigration

4.3%

Residents who are foreign-born

2020–2024 estimate

Share of Vermont residents who were not U.S. citizens at birth, including naturalized citizens, lawful noncitizens, and people without lawful status.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

Foreign-born is not a measure of unauthorized immigration or current border crossings.
The Census does not assign legal status in this measure.

Related state trends

Immigration over time

Population change is separated into natural change, domestic migration, and international migration.

People

Population growth and migration

644.7Kresidents

July 1 population estimates alongside the annual changes attributable to births minus deaths, domestic migration, and international migration.

Population
Births minus deaths
Domestic migration
International migration

Births minus deaths: −1.8K
Domestic migration: −726
International migration: +623

U.S. comparison & state rank2025

Population

Vermont: 644,663
U.S. total: 341,784,857
State rank #1 is most populous — not a performance ranking: #49 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Census Bureau: Vintage 2025 national population estimates

View chart data

Year	Population	Natural change	Domestic migration	International migration	Residual
2020	642,965	—	—	—	—
2021	647,238	-1,279	4,838	415	299
2022	647,614	-1,793	1,111	1,401	-343
2023	647,722	-1,744	782	1,185	-115
2024	646,521	-1,832	-568	1,249	-50
2025	644,663	-1,769	-726	623	14

Method and limitations

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 consistent state series. Population is the July 1 estimate. Change components describe the preceding annual estimates period, and the Census residual adjustment reconciles the components to the published population change.

Vintage estimates are revised as the Census Bureau incorporates newer records and methods.
Domestic and international migration are modeled demographic estimates, not direct counts of every move.
The small residual adjustment is included in the data table but not drawn as a separate bar.

Voting, democracy, and government accountability

Voting access, election administration, ethics, transparency, and corruption.

Democracy and accountability

71.35%

Registered-voter turnout

November 5, 2024 general election

Share of registered Vermont voters recorded as casting a ballot in the November 2024 general election.

View breakdowns and source

2024 turnout comparison

General election turnout: 71.35%
Primary election turnoutAugust 13, 2024 state primary: 15.26%

Vermont's official state-primary turnout report records 77,368 ballots among 507,023 registered voters.

Vermont does not register voters by party; a voter participating in the state primary chooses one party's ballot, and the denominator includes all registered voters.
Primary and general elections present different contests and participation incentives.

Vermont Secretary of State: 2024 Primary Election Voter Turnout Review by January 31, 2027

How it was measured

The Vermont Secretary of State's official turnout report records 372,885 ballots among 522,600 registered voters, or 71.35%.

Keep in mind

This is registered-voter turnout, not participation among every voting-eligible resident.
Turnout does not by itself measure election access, administration quality, confidence, or the effect of a specific rule.

Abortion and reproductive rights

Access to abortion and reproductive healthcare.

Reproductive rights

997

Abortions performed in Vermont

2024

Abortions reported as performed in Vermont during 2024, regardless of the patient's state of residence.

View breakdowns and source

2024 occurrence measures

Vermont residents: 851
Out-of-state residents: 146
Vermont-resident occurrence rate: 7.0 per 1,000 women ages 15–44

How it was measured

Vermont Vital Statistics compiles abortion reports for procedures occurring in the state; the resident rate divides abortions among Vermont residents that occurred in Vermont by the population of Vermont women ages 15–44.

Keep in mind

This is an occurrence count and does not include abortions obtained outside Vermont by Vermont residents because states do not share abortion reports.
The report counted 851 Vermont residents and 146 out-of-state residents; reporting completeness depends on in-state reporting and may be affected by late or corrected reports.

Facts are shown for context only and do not affect candidate matching or rankings. Dates, definitions, limitations, and primary sources are included with each figure.

State trends

How Vermont is changing

Nine trend views cover population, work, housing, public safety, education, health coverage, longevity, gasoline prices, and energy. Gasoline uses an explicitly labeled regional average; other charts use Vermont statewide measures. Each chart now sits directly beneath its related fact section.

Vermont

FY2027 non-duplicate all-funds budget

Fiscal year ended June 30, 2025

Taxes and the economy

How it was measured

Unemployment rate

Housing and property costs

How it was measured

Home-price growth

Income growth

Public safety and criminal justice

How it was measured

How it was measured

Population-adjusted measure

How it was measured

Violent-crime rate

Property-crime rate

Healthcare

How it was measured

Uninsured rate

Life expectancy

Education

How it was measured

Grade 4 reading

Grade 4 math

Grade 8 reading

Grade 8 math

Environment and energy

Electric system

How it was measured

Vermont and U.S. context

Recent EIA observations

How it was measured

Residential electricity price

Regular gasoline

Gun policy and public safety

Population-adjusted measure

How it was measured

Social Security, Medicare, and retirement

Selected beneficiary groups

How it was measured

Immigration and border policy

How it was measured

Population

Voting, democracy, and government accountability

2024 turnout comparison

How it was measured

Abortion and reproductive rights

2024 occurrence measures

How it was measured