THE NORTH STAR STATE

Minnesota

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State snapshot

Minnesota facts

Explore dated, statewide figures across taxes and the economy, housing, public safety, health, education, and other civic topics.

Explore Minnesota individual facts and compare every state →

14 topic facts + fiscal overview + 9 state trends

Public money

How Minnesota funds state services

The current FY2026–27 operating budget after the 2026 legislative session, FY2025 audited State tax revenue, current tax rates, and expenditures by bill area. Each section preserves its own period and accounting scope; budget estimates, audited results, State taxes, and local property taxes are kept distinct.

Enacted budget plan

$141.3BFY2026–27 biennium

Updated June 26, 2026

FY2026–27 current operating budget

July 1, 2025–June 30, 2027

Exact reported total: $141,342,013,000

The end-of-2026-session Consolidated Fund Statement's total estimated expenditures for the FY2026–27 biennium across the 37 funds most relevant to operating-budget decisions. The budgetary-basis statement excludes capital-project, internal-service, enterprise, agency, pension, investment, component-unit, and most other debt-service funds.

Minnesota Management and Budget: End of 2026 Legislative Session — Consolidated Fund Statement

FY2025 ACFR actual

Where State tax revenue comes from

$37.8B$37,784,427,000

Shares of the $37.784 billion in taxes reported as general revenue for Minnesota's primary government. The denominator includes the State's property, motor-vehicle, and fuel taxes but excludes property and sales taxes levied and retained by local governments.

Individual income taxes$18.1B · 48.0%

Individual-income-tax revenue recognized in the government-wide financial statements.

Sales taxes$9.0B · 23.7%

State sales-tax revenue; locally imposed sales taxes are outside this primary-government line.

Other taxes$3.8B · 10.0%

The ACFR's combined Other Taxes line for tax types not presented separately in the government-wide statement.

Corporate income taxes$3.1B · 8.1%

Corporate-income and franchise-tax revenue reported as general revenue.

Motor vehicle taxes$2.1B · 5.7%

State motor-vehicle taxes reported separately in the ACFR.

Fuel taxes$946.2M · 2.5%

State fuel-tax revenue dedicated principally to transportation purposes.

State property taxes$764.3M · 2.0%

Minnesota's State General Property Tax revenue; county, city, school-district, and other local property-tax levies are excluded.

End of 2026 legislative session

FY2026–27 current operating plan

$141.3B$141,342,013,000

The Consolidated Fund Statement's estimated expenditures by bill area. FactVote combines E-12 and higher education, preserves the four other largest published areas, and uses an exact residual for all remaining bill areas and the General Fund refinancing offset.

Health and human services$71.2B · 50.3%

Health care, public assistance, mental health, early childhood, institutions, and other health and human-services programs.

Education$32.7B · 23.1%

E-12 Education and Higher Education bill areas combined.

Transportation$15.9B · 11.3%

Transportation systems, highway construction and maintenance, transit, and related public-safety functions.

Property tax aids and credits$5.4B · 3.8%

Local-government aid, property-tax refunds, and other State programs that reduce or offset local property-tax burdens.

Public safety and judiciary$4.7B · 3.3%

Courts, corrections, crime-related programs, and other public-safety spending.

Other State services and net adjustments$11.5B · 8.1%

The exact residual for environment and energy; jobs, commerce, agriculture, and housing; State government and veterans; debt service; capital grants; and the published General Fund refinancing and other offsets.

Tax structure

Common statewide rates

Property and district rates can be local. Each card states the applicable scope.

Individual income tax

5.35%–9.85%For tax year 2026, Minnesota has four graduated rates: 5.35%, 6.8%, 7.85%, and 9.85%. Bracket thresholds vary by filing status.Minnesota Department of Revenue: Minnesota Income Tax Rates and Brackets — 2026

Sales and use tax

6.875% State + localThe general State rate is 6.875%. Applicable city, county, transit, and special local taxes are added based on the transaction location.Minnesota Department of Revenue: Sales and Use Tax — Taxes and Rates

Corporate franchise tax

9.8%Minnesota's published corporate franchise tax rate is 9.8%.Minnesota Department of Revenue: Minnesota State Tax Collections FY2025 and 2026 Major Tax Rates

State General Property Tax

28.313% / 9.203% of net tax capacityFor taxes payable in 2026, the statewide levy rate is 28.313% of net tax capacity for commercial-industrial property and 9.203% for seasonal residential recreational property. Most property taxes are local and vary by parcel and jurisdiction.Minnesota Department of Revenue: State General Property Tax — 2026 Rates

Latest audited results

Fiscal year ended June 30, 2025

Government-wide activity for Minnesota's primary government on the accrual basis. Revenue combines charges for services, operating and capital grants, taxes, investment earnings, and other general revenue; transfers cancel at the primary-government level.

Minnesota Management and Budget: 2025 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report

Government-wide revenue: $65.2B
Government-wide expenses: $65.3B

Method, scope, and limitations

FactVote used Minnesota Management and Budget's June 2026 end-of-session Consolidated Fund Statement so the budget reflects the latest legislative adjustments to the FY2026–27 biennium. Spending follows the statement's bill-area totals with E-12 and higher education combined and an exact residual. FY2025 tax-source shares and audited results come from the government-wide ACFR; current rates come from the Department of Revenue.

The $141.342 billion figure is a budgetary-basis estimate of expenditures across 37 decision-relevant operating funds, not audited spending and not every fund in the State reporting entity.
Capital-project, internal-service, enterprise, agency, pension, investment, component-unit, and most other debt-service funds are outside the Consolidated Fund Statement's scope.
The Other State services category includes the statement's negative General Fund refinancing and other adjustment line, so it should be read as a net residual rather than a standalone appropriation.
Most Minnesota property taxes are levied locally. The State General Property Tax applies only to specified property classes, and its rates are percentages of net tax capacity rather than market value.

Last verified August 28, 2026 · Review by August 31, 2027 · Minnesota figures refresh annually.

Taxes and the economy

Taxes, government spending, jobs, wages, and small business.

Taxes and economy

$89,062

Median household income

2020–2024 estimate

Median money income received by Minnesota households, expressed in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

Income is not take-home pay and does not directly measure taxes, wealth, prices, or purchasing power.
A statewide median obscures regional and household differences.

Related state trends

Taxes and economy over time

Employment and unemployment place the latest economic facts in a longer statewide context.

Work

Employment and unemployment

3.1%unemployed

The unemployment rate is paired with employed Minnesota residents indexed to 2015, so job recovery and labor-market slack remain readable on separate scales.

Unemployment rate
Employed people

Unemployment rate: 3.1%
Employed people: 3M
Employment since 2015: +4.8%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Unemployment rate

Minnesota: 3.1%
U.S. benchmark: 4.0%
State rank #1 has the highest unemployment rate — worse: #38 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via FRED: National unemployment rate

View chart data

Year	Unemployment rate	Employed people	Employment index
2015	3.8%	2,901,421	100.0
2016	3.9%	2,916,011	100.5
2017	3.4%	2,958,466	102.0
2018	3.0%	2,978,082	102.6
2019	3.3%	3,002,700	103.5
2020	6.3%	2,922,198	100.7
2021	3.7%	2,936,648	101.2
2022	2.4%	2,995,078	103.2
2023	2.8%	3,021,126	104.1
2024	3.1%	3,039,323	104.8

Method and limitations

FactVote uses BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics annual averages for the statewide unemployment rate and civilian employment. The chart converts employment to an index with 2015 equal to 100; the data table retains the published employment level.

LAUS estimates are revised each year through the program's annual processing cycle.
Employment is residence-based civilian employment, not a count of jobs located in the state.
Annual averages smooth within-year changes.

Housing and property costs

Housing supply, affordability, renters, zoning, and property costs.

Housing

$1,280/month

Median gross rent

2020–2024 estimate

Median monthly gross rent for renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent, including contract rent plus estimated average utility and fuel costs paid by the renter.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate and expressed in 2024 dollars.

Keep in mind

This is a multi-year statewide estimate, not a current asking-rent measure.
The median obscures differences by location, unit size, housing quality, and renter circumstances.

Related state trends

Housing over time

Home values and household income show how Minnesota housing costs and purchasing power have changed together.

Housing pressure

Home prices versus income growth

+73.8%home prices

FHFA house prices and BEA personal income per person are indexed to the same starting year. A widening gap signals that home prices are rising faster than this broad income measure.

FHFA home prices
Income per person

Home-price growth: +73.8%
Income growth: +51.1%
Income per person: $78,538

U.S. comparison & state rank2025

Home-price growth

Minnesota: +73.8%
U.S. benchmark: +86.6%
State rank #1 has the fastest home-price growth — depends on perspective: #38 of 50

Income growth

Minnesota: +51.1%
U.S. benchmark: +55.9%
State rank #1 has the fastest income growth — better: #39 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.Federal Housing Finance Agency: U.S. House Price Index U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis via FRED: U.S. personal income per capita

View chart data

Year	FHFA HPI	Home-price index	Income per person	Income index
2016	277.59	100.0	$51,982	100.0
2017	291.87	105.1	$53,826	103.5
2018	306.88	110.6	$56,201	108.1
2019	320.88	115.6	$57,903	111.4
2020	335.51	120.9	$61,372	118.1
2021	375.25	135.2	$67,730	130.3
2022	422.21	152.1	$69,467	133.6
2023	441.93	159.2	$72,674	139.8
2024	463.64	167.0	$75,548	145.3
2025	482.38	173.8	$78,538	151.1

Method and limitations

FactVote averages the four quarterly, not-seasonally-adjusted FHFA all-transactions HPI observations for each year. It compares that series with BEA annual per-capita personal income distributed by FRED, then rebases both to 100 in 2016.

This is a pressure indicator, not a home-price-to-income ratio and not a measure of monthly mortgage affordability.
Both series are nominal; neither is adjusted for inflation.
Per-capita personal income includes earnings, property income, and transfers and is not median household income.

Public safety and criminal justice

Policing, crime prevention, sentencing, incarceration, and rehabilitation.

Public safety and justice

259.4 per 100,000

Reported violent-crime rate

2024

Violent offenses reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

FactVote sums the 12 monthly state offense rates returned by the FBI Crime Data Explorer for each calendar year. The accompanying coverage value is the mean of the 12 monthly population-coverage percentages returned with the same query.

Keep in mind

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Minnesota's average monthly population coverage remained at or above 99.7% throughout this series, but coverage still varies and does not equal complete statewide reporting.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.
Average monthly population coverage in 2024 was 99.9%; this is not complete statewide reporting.

Public safety and justice

1,626.5 per 100,000

Reported property-crime rate

2024

Property offenses reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

Keep in mind

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Minnesota's average monthly population coverage remained at or above 99.7% throughout this series, but coverage still varies and does not equal complete statewide reporting.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.
Average monthly population coverage in 2024 was 99.9%; this is not complete statewide reporting.

Public safety and justice

192

Homicide deaths

2024 final data

Deaths for which homicide was the underlying cause, with the rate age-adjusted per 100,000 residents.

View breakdowns and source

Population-adjusted measure

Age-adjusted homicide death rate: 3.4 per 100,000

How it was measured

CDC National Vital Statistics System death-certificate data.

Keep in mind

Homicide mortality is not the same as offenses reported to police and does not include nonfatal violence.
Counts and rates do not establish causes or the effect of a particular policy.

Related state trends

Public safety and justice over time

Reported violent- and property-crime rates are shown with the coverage cautions needed to compare years responsibly.

Public safety

Reported violent and property crime rates

99.9% coverage

Reported offenses per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions. Amber points flag years when average monthly population coverage was below 90%.

Violent crime
Property crime
Partial reporting

Violent crime: 259.4 per 100k
Property crime: 1626.5 per 100k
Population coverage: 99.9%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Violent-crime rate

Minnesota: 259.4 per 100k
U.S. benchmark: 359.1 per 100k
State rank #1 has the highest violent-crime rate — worse: #33 of 50

Property-crime rate

Minnesota: 1626.5 per 100k
U.S. benchmark: 1760.1 per 100k
State rank #1 has the highest property-crime rate — worse: #31 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.An asterisk marks a state-year with less than 90% average population coverage. The U.S. figures are FBI national estimates; state figures are reported rates.Federal Bureau of Investigation: UCR Summary of Reported Crimes in the Nation, 2024

View chart data

Year	Violent rate	Property rate	Population coverage
2015	243.9 per 100k	2231.1 per 100k	100.0%
2016	240.4 per 100k	2133.1 per 100k	100.0%
2017	239.2 per 100k	2204.0 per 100k	99.9%
2018	220.6 per 100k	2001.8 per 100k	99.9%
2019	237.7 per 100k	2098.2 per 100k	99.8%
2020	279.7 per 100k	2149.7 per 100k	99.7%
2021	311.2 per 100k	2072.3 per 100k	99.7%
2022	284.0 per 100k	1991.8 per 100k	99.8%
2023	263.9 per 100k	1727.0 per 100k	99.8%
2024	259.4 per 100k	1626.5 per 100k	99.9%

Method and limitations

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Minnesota's average monthly population coverage remained at or above 99.7% throughout this series, but coverage still varies and does not equal complete statewide reporting.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.

Healthcare

Coverage, prescription costs, Medicaid, and access to care.

Healthcare

6.1%

People under 65 without health insurance

2024 ACS annual estimate

Share of Minnesota’s civilian noninstitutionalized residents under age 65 who lacked comprehensive health-insurance coverage at the time of the ACS survey.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the 2024 American Community Survey 1-year estimate.

Keep in mind

This is a survey estimate for people under 65 and does not describe coverage type or continuity of coverage.
Insurance status alone does not measure affordability, access, quality, or health outcomes.

Related state trends

Healthcare over time

Health-insurance coverage and life expectancy provide separate views of access and population health over time.

Health coverage

Residents without health insurance

5.1%uninsured

The share of the civilian noninstitutionalized population without health insurance at the time of the American Community Survey interview.

Uninsured rate
90% confidence margin

Uninsured rate: 5.1%
Margin of error: ±0.2 points

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Uninsured rate

Minnesota: 5.1%
U.S. benchmark: 8.2%
State rank #1 has the highest uninsured rate — worse: #43 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Census Bureau: HIC-4_ACS health insurance coverage

View chart data

Year	Uninsured rate	90% margin of error
2014	5.9%	±0.2 points
2015	4.5%	±0.2 points
2016	4.1%	±0.2 points
2017	4.4%	±0.2 points
2018	4.4%	±0.2 points
2019	4.9%	±0.2 points
2020	Not released	—
2021	4.5%	±0.2 points
2022	4.5%	±0.2 points
2023	4.2%	±0.2 points
2024	5.1%	±0.2 points

Method and limitations

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's HIC-4_ACS historical table. Rates and 90% confidence margins of error are the published ACS 1-year estimates for the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

The Census Bureau did not release the standard 2020 ACS 1-year estimates because pandemic-era data collection did not meet its quality standards; the chart preserves that gap.
The rate is a survey estimate and the accompanying margin of error should be considered when comparing nearby values.
Coverage is measured at the interview and does not show how long someone was uninsured during the year.

Health outcomes

Life expectancy at birth

79.3 yearsat birth

Period life expectancy at birth based on Minnesota's annual complete life tables and final state-specific death data.

Life expectancy at birth

U.S. comparison & state rank2022

Life expectancy

Minnesota: 79.3 years
U.S. benchmark: 77.5 years
State rank #1 has the highest life expectancy — better: #6 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.CDC National Center for Health Statistics: U.S. state life tables, 2018–2022

View chart data

Year	Life expectancy at birth
2018	80.5 years
2019	80.4 years
2020	79.1 years
2021	78.8 years
2022	79.3 years

Method and limitations

FactVote uses CDC National Center for Health Statistics annual complete life-table estimates for the total Minnesota population. Values are rounded to the published tenth of a year.

The latest published comparable state series ends in 2022, even though newer national life-expectancy estimates may be available.
Period life expectancy summarizes current mortality rates; it is not a forecast of how long a particular person will live.
The 2020 and 2021 estimates reflect the mortality shock during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Education

Public schools, school choice, teachers, and higher education.

Education

93.9%

Adults with at least a high school diploma

2020–2024 estimate

Share of Minnesota residents age 25 and older whose reported attainment is a regular high school diploma or equivalent (including GED or an alternative credential), some college, or an associate’s or higher degree.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

This is an adult educational-attainment measure, not a current high-school graduation rate or a measure of school quality.
A statewide estimate can obscure differences across communities and demographic groups.

Related state trends

Education over time

Comparable NAEP assessment years show changes in statewide reading and mathematics performance.

Education

NAEP reading and math scores

214.4Grade 4 reading

Grade 4 and Grade 8 public-school mean scale scores from the Nation's Report Card. Reading and math are shown within each grade on their own panel.

Reading · circle
Math · square

Grade 4 reading: 214.4
Grade 4 math: 240.7
Grade 8 reading: 260.1
Grade 8 math: 282.1

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Grade 4 reading

Minnesota: 214.4
U.S. benchmark: 215.0
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #27 of 50

Grade 4 math

Minnesota: 240.7
U.S. benchmark: 237.5
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #7 of 50

Grade 8 reading

Minnesota: 260.1
U.S. benchmark: 258.0
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #13 of 50

Grade 8 math

Minnesota: 282.1
U.S. benchmark: 273.8
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #3 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.State ranks use public-school results. The U.S. benchmark includes the national public- and nonpublic-school sample.U.S. Department of Education, NCES: NAEP national results

View chart data

Assessment year	Grade 4 reading	Grade 4 math	Grade 8 reading	Grade 8 math
2003	222.6	241.9	267.7	290.7
2005	225.2	245.7	268.4	290.1
2007	224.9	247.0	268.2	291.9
2009	223.3	249.5	269.7	294.4
2011	222.3	249.2	270.1	294.9
2013	227.0	253.4	271.0	294.6
2015	223.4	249.6	270.2	294.1
2017	224.5	248.8	268.6	294.0
2019	222.4	248.4	263.8	290.8
2022	215.5	239.0	260.5	280.1
2024	214.4	240.7	260.1	282.1

Method and limitations

FactVote uses NAEP Data Service mean scale scores for all public-school students in Minnesota. The series uses the total student group and the main reading and mathematics composite scales for Grade 4 and Grade 8.

NAEP is generally administered every two years; the 2021 administration was postponed, so the timeline moves from 2019 to 2022.
NAEP results are estimates from a sample. Statistical significance, not a visual gap alone, determines whether scores differ.
Each grade and subject has its own scale. Follow one line over time rather than comparing the numeric distance between grades or subjects.

Environment and energy

Clean water, conservation, climate, and energy production.

Environment

$3.96/gal

Regular gasoline price

Week of August 31, 2026

Estimated average Minnesota retail price of regular-grade gasoline across all formulations, including taxes.

Minnesota$3.955/gal

United States$4.071/gal

Minnesota's statewide average was $0.116 per gallon lower, or about 2.8% below the U.S. average.

View breakdowns and source

Minnesota and U.S. context

Regular gasoline price

Minnesota: $3.955/gal
United States: $4.071/gal

Minnesota's statewide average was $0.116 per gallon lower, or about 2.8% below the U.S. average.

Both figures are EIA weekly retail estimates for regular gasoline, including taxes, for the week of August 31, 2026.U.S. Energy Information Administration: U.S. Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices

Recent weekly prices

Prior week: $4.071/gal
Weekly change: -11.6¢
One year earlier: $3.028/gal
Change from one year earlier: +92.7¢

How it was measured

U.S. Energy Information Administration weekly retail motor-gasoline survey estimate for Minnesota. FactVote displays the published dollars-per-gallon value and calculates changes from August 24, 2026 (prior week), and September 1, 2025 (52 weeks earlier).

Keep in mind

This is a statewide survey estimate, not the price at every station or in every Minnesota community.
The series is nominal and not adjusted for inflation or seasonal patterns.
Weekly estimates can be revised and can differ from monthly averages.
Price changes alone do not establish the effect of any bill, official, or government action.

Related state trends

Environment over time

Minnesota electricity generation, residential power prices, and gasoline prices show how the state's energy costs and supply have changed.

Energy

Electricity mix and residential price

15.45¢/kWhresidential average

In-state utility-scale electricity generation by energy source is paired with the annual average residential electricity price on a separate scale.

Natural gas27.1%
Coal19.5%
Nuclear20.2%
Solar3.9%
Hydroelectric1.5%
Wind25.2%
Other2.6%

Residential price: 15.45¢/kWh
Total generation: 58.6 TWh
Largest source: Natural gas · 27.1%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Residential electricity price

Minnesota: 15.45¢/kWh
U.S. benchmark: 16.48¢/kWh
State rank #1 has the highest electricity price — worse: #19 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Energy Information Administration: National residential electricity price

View chart data

Year	Total generation	Natural gas	Coal	Nuclear	Solar	Hydroelectric	Wind	Other	Residential price
2015	56.980 TWh	7.389 TWh	24.697 TWh	12.039 TWh	0.003 TWh	0.849 TWh	9.779 TWh	2.224 TWh	12.12¢/kWh
2016	59.479 TWh	8.928 TWh	23.206 TWh	13.861 TWh	0.010 TWh	1.209 TWh	9.933 TWh	2.331 TWh	12.67¢/kWh
2017	58.749 TWh	6.708 TWh	22.782 TWh	13.904 TWh	0.596 TWh	1.258 TWh	11.137 TWh	2.364 TWh	13.04¢/kWh
2018	61.517 TWh	8.555 TWh	23.455 TWh	14.601 TWh	1.042 TWh	1.054 TWh	10.714 TWh	2.096 TWh	13.14¢/kWh
2019	59.379 TWh	12.607 TWh	17.805 TWh	14.105 TWh	1.249 TWh	1.056 TWh	10.965 TWh	1.594 TWh	13.04¢/kWh
2020	56.510 TWh	11.815 TWh	14.038 TWh	14.677 TWh	1.634 TWh	1.002 TWh	11.831 TWh	1.513 TWh	13.17¢/kWh
2021	59.196 TWh	12.791 TWh	15.764 TWh	14.123 TWh	1.893 TWh	0.679 TWh	12.271 TWh	1.674 TWh	13.50¢/kWh
2022	58.967 TWh	8.736 TWh	16.159 TWh	14.696 TWh	1.901 TWh	0.950 TWh	15.091 TWh	1.433 TWh	14.25¢/kWh
2023	57.277 TWh	13.824 TWh	12.794 TWh	11.924 TWh	2.094 TWh	0.750 TWh	14.398 TWh	1.493 TWh	14.73¢/kWh
2024	58.595 TWh	15.889 TWh	11.430 TWh	11.845 TWh	2.285 TWh	0.868 TWh	14.781 TWh	1.497 TWh	15.45¢/kWh

Method and limitations

FactVote uses EIA's annual utility-scale net generation series and groups sources into seven categories. The residential price is EIA's annual average revenue per kilowatthour and includes generation, transmission, distribution, taxes, and fees reflected in electric bills.

Generation is electricity produced inside Minnesota, not electricity consumed there; interstate imports and exports are not represented.
The consistent utility-scale series excludes estimated generation from small-scale solar systems under 1 megawatt. Hydroelectric combines conventional and pumped-storage net generation; the 'other' category is the residual of remaining reported energy sources.
The residential price is a statewide nominal average and can mask large differences among utilities, plans, and household usage.

Fuel cost

Minnesota regular gasoline prices

$3.805/galmonthly average

Monthly Minnesota retail prices for regular-grade gasoline show how the statewide average changed through short-term price swings without mixing weekly and monthly observations.

Regular gasoline · monthly average

Price: $3.805/gal
From prior month: −3.6¢
From one year earlier: +84.1¢

U.S. comparison & state rank2026-07

Regular gasoline

Minnesota: $3.805/gal
U.S. benchmark: $3.932/gal
State rank #1 has the highest gasoline price — worse: #23 of 49

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.Gasoline ranks cover states with a published FactVote monthly series. An asterisk marks an EIA regional or metro proxy rather than a statewide measurement.U.S. Energy Information Administration: U.S. regular gasoline prices

View chart data

Month	Regular gasoline price
January 2020	$2.396/gal
February 2020	$2.285/gal
March 2020	$2.070/gal
April 2020	$1.581/gal
May 2020	$1.695/gal
June 2020	$1.996/gal
July 2020	$2.063/gal
August 2020	$2.049/gal
September 2020	$2.064/gal
October 2020	$1.972/gal
November 2020	$1.929/gal
December 2020	$2.047/gal
January 2021	$2.217/gal
February 2021	$2.375/gal
March 2021	$2.713/gal
April 2021	$2.707/gal
May 2021	$2.776/gal
June 2021	$2.849/gal
July 2021	$2.964/gal
August 2021	$2.998/gal
September 2021	$2.991/gal
October 2021	$3.072/gal
November 2021	$3.164/gal
December 2021	$3.084/gal
January 2022	$3.122/gal
February 2022	$3.352/gal
March 2022	$3.889/gal
April 2022	$3.861/gal
May 2022	$4.063/gal
June 2022	$4.704/gal
July 2022	$4.537/gal
August 2022	$3.925/gal
September 2022	$3.666/gal
October 2022	$3.691/gal
November 2022	$3.488/gal
December 2022	$3.057/gal
January 2023	$3.196/gal
February 2023	$3.284/gal
March 2023	$3.238/gal
April 2023	$3.470/gal
May 2023	$3.482/gal
June 2023	$3.456/gal
July 2023	$3.467/gal
August 2023	$3.758/gal
September 2023	$3.842/gal
October 2023	$3.505/gal
November 2023	$3.188/gal
December 2023	$2.918/gal
January 2024	$2.807/gal
February 2024	$2.981/gal
March 2024	$3.212/gal
April 2024	$3.307/gal
May 2024	$3.273/gal
June 2024	$3.221/gal
July 2024	$3.298/gal
August 2024	$3.285/gal
September 2024	$3.085/gal
October 2024	$3.064/gal
November 2024	$2.955/gal
December 2024	$2.869/gal
January 2025	$2.960/gal
February 2025	$3.002/gal
March 2025	$3.002/gal
April 2025	$3.086/gal
May 2025	$2.993/gal
June 2025	$2.998/gal
July 2025	$2.964/gal
August 2025	$2.933/gal
September 2025	$3.014/gal
October 2025	$2.880/gal
November 2025	$2.930/gal
December 2025	$2.802/gal
January 2026	$2.673/gal
February 2026	$2.682/gal
March 2026	$3.296/gal
April 2026	$3.674/gal
May 2026	$4.218/gal
June 2026	$3.841/gal
July 2026	$3.805/gal
August 2026	$3.950/gal

Method and limitations

FactVote uses EIA's monthly Minnesota Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices series. EIA calculates monthly averages as simple averages of the published weekly retail estimates; prices include taxes.

The statewide average masks differences among Minnesota communities and individual stations.
Prices are nominal and not adjusted for inflation or seasonal patterns.
The monthly series ends in August 2026. A monthly average can differ from the weekly Minnesota gasoline price fact.
Price changes alone do not establish the effect of any bill, official, or government action.

Gun policy and public safety

Firearm rights, gun-safety rules, and violence prevention.

Gun policy

582

Firearm deaths

2024 final data

Deaths in which firearm injury was the underlying cause, with the rate age-adjusted per 100,000 residents.

View breakdowns and source

Population-adjusted measure

Age-adjusted firearm death rate: 9.8 per 100,000

How it was measured

CDC National Vital Statistics System death-certificate data.

Keep in mind

The total combines firearm deaths across intents, including suicide, homicide, legal intervention, and unintentional or undetermined injury.
It does not measure nonfatal injuries, firearm ownership, defensive uses, or policy effects.

Social Security, Medicare, and retirement

Retirement benefits, Medicare, and the long-term financing of these programs.

Immigration and border policy

Border enforcement, legal immigration, and pathways to citizenship.

Immigration

8.7%

Residents who are foreign-born

2020–2024 estimate

Share of Minnesota residents who were not U.S. citizens at birth, including naturalized citizens, lawful noncitizens, and people without lawful status.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

Foreign-born is not a measure of unauthorized immigration or current border crossings.
The Census does not assign legal status in this measure.

Related state trends

Immigration over time

Population change is separated into natural change, domestic migration, and international migration.

People

Population growth and migration

5.8Mresidents

July 1 population estimates alongside the annual changes attributable to births minus deaths, domestic migration, and international migration.

Population
Births minus deaths
Domestic migration
International migration

Births minus deaths: +12.1K
Domestic migration: +8.3K
International migration: +12.5K

U.S. comparison & state rank2025

Population

Minnesota: 5,830,405
U.S. total: 341,784,857
State rank #1 is most populous — not a performance ranking: #22 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Census Bureau: Vintage 2025 national population estimates

View chart data

Year	Population	Natural change	Domestic migration	International migration	Residual
2020	5,710,562	—	—	—	—
2021	5,714,055	11,571	-14,970	5,523	1,369
2022	5,727,565	11,110	-17,106	20,302	-796
2023	5,752,998	13,035	-11,777	24,846	-671
2024	5,797,405	11,614	-204	33,360	-363
2025	5,830,405	12,071	8,300	12,486	143

Method and limitations

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 consistent state series. Population is the July 1 estimate. Change components describe the preceding annual estimates period, and the Census residual adjustment reconciles the components to the published population change.

Vintage estimates are revised as the Census Bureau incorporates newer records and methods.
Domestic and international migration are modeled demographic estimates, not direct counts of every move.
The small residual adjustment is included in the data table but not drawn as a separate bar.

Voting, democracy, and government accountability

Voting access, election administration, ethics, transparency, and corruption.

Democracy and accountability

76.35%

Eligible-voter turnout

November 5, 2024 general election

Minnesotans who cast ballots in the 2024 general election as a share of the state's estimated eligible-voter population.

View breakdowns and source

2024 turnout comparison

General election turnout: 76.35%
Primary election turnoutAugust 13, 2024 state primary: 12.77%

The Minnesota Secretary of State reports both percentages using estimated eligible voters, not registered voters, because Minnesota permits Election Day registration.

Minnesota's eligible-voter denominator is an estimate rather than a final administrative count.
Primary and general ballot choices differ, and turnout does not measure election accuracy, access, confidence, or policy effects.

Minnesota Secretary of State: State Canvassing Board certifies results of the 2024 primary Review by January 31, 2027

How it was measured

The Minnesota Secretary of State reports 3,272,414 general-election voters as 76.35% of an estimated 4,285,809 eligible voters, and 543,982 state-primary voters as 12.77% of the estimated eligible-voter population.

Keep in mind

This is eligible-voter turnout, not registered-voter turnout; the denominator estimates residents legally eligible to vote.
Turnout does not by itself measure election access, administration quality, confidence, or the effect of a specific rule.

Abortion and reproductive rights

Access to abortion and reproductive healthcare.

Reproductive rights

14,358

Reported abortions occurring in Minnesota

2024

Induced abortions reported as occurring in Minnesota during 2024, regardless of the patient's state of residence.

View breakdowns and source

Residence context

Minnesota residents: 11,559
Resident abortion rate: 9.3 per 1,000 women ages 15–44

How it was measured

Minnesota Department of Health compiles reports submitted under state reporting requirements; its resident rate uses Minnesota female residents ages 15–44.

Keep in mind

The occurrence total includes out-of-state residents, while the resident total excludes Minnesota residents whose abortions occurred outside Minnesota unless another jurisdiction reported them to the state.
Administrative reporting, residence exchange, and surveillance changes can affect comparisons over time; the measure does not establish the effect of a law or candidate position.

Facts are shown for context only and do not affect candidate matching or rankings. Dates, definitions, limitations, and primary sources are included with each figure.

State trends

How Minnesota is changing

Nine statewide trend views cover population, work, housing, public safety, education, health coverage, longevity, gasoline prices, and energy without mixing unlike reporting periods. Each chart now sits directly beneath its related fact section.

Minnesota

FY2026–27 current operating budget

Fiscal year ended June 30, 2025

Taxes and the economy

How it was measured

Unemployment rate

Housing and property costs

How it was measured

Home-price growth

Income growth

Public safety and criminal justice

How it was measured

How it was measured

Population-adjusted measure

How it was measured

Violent-crime rate

Property-crime rate

Healthcare

How it was measured

Uninsured rate

Life expectancy

Education

How it was measured

Grade 4 reading

Grade 4 math

Grade 8 reading

Grade 8 math

Environment and energy

EIA generation totals

How it was measured

Minnesota and U.S. context

Recent weekly prices

How it was measured

Residential electricity price

Regular gasoline

Gun policy and public safety

Population-adjusted measure

How it was measured

Social Security, Medicare, and retirement

Beneficiaries by grouped benefit type

How it was measured

Immigration and border policy

How it was measured

Population

Voting, democracy, and government accountability

2024 turnout comparison

How it was measured

Abortion and reproductive rights

Residence context

How it was measured