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Maryland

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State snapshot

Maryland facts

Explore dated, statewide figures across taxes and the economy, housing, public safety, health, education, and other civic topics.

Explore Maryland individual facts and compare every state →

14 topic facts + fiscal overview + 9 state trends + 1171 reviewed government links

Public money

How Maryland funds state services

The enacted FY2027 operating budget, FY2025 audited State tax revenue, current tax rates, and the service areas receiving operating appropriations. Each section preserves its own period and accounting scope; operating appropriations, capital authorizations, audited results, and local taxes are not treated as interchangeable.

Enacted budget plan

$65.2BFY2027

Signed April 8, 2026

FY2027 enacted operating budget

July 1, 2026–June 30, 2027

Exact reported total: $65,184,504,124

The Department of Budget and Management's enacted FY2027 operating appropriations across general, special, and federal funds. Reimbursable funds are displayed separately in the Fiscal Digest and are excluded here; the separately enacted capital budget is also outside this total.

Maryland Department of Budget and Management: FY2027 Fiscal Digest, Exhibit B — Summary of Operating Budget Appropriations

FY2027

How the enacted budget is financed

$65.2B$65,184,504,124

General Fund$27.9B · 42.9%

Operating appropriations supported by Maryland's unrestricted General Fund revenue.

Federal funds$21.1B · 32.3%

Federal grants and reimbursements appropriated for State-administered programs.

Special funds$16.2B · 24.8%

Dedicated taxes, fees, and other restricted State revenue appropriated for specific purposes.

FY2025 ACFR actual

Where State tax revenue comes from

$30.4B$30,365,965,000

Shares of the $30.366 billion in taxes reported as general revenue for Maryland's primary government. Local income, property, and sales taxes collected for local governments are outside this State-level denominator.

Income taxes$16.3B · 53.8%

Personal and corporate income taxes reported as State general revenue in the ACFR.

Sales and use taxes$7.1B · 23.4%

Maryland sales-and-use-tax revenue; local custodial collections are excluded.

Motor vehicle taxes$3.3B · 10.9%

Motor-vehicle-related taxes reported as State general revenue.

Other State taxes$2.3B · 7.6%

Tobacco, insurance-company, estate and inheritance, and other State tax lines combined.

State property tax$1.3B · 4.2%

The statewide real-property tax reported by Maryland; county and municipal property taxes are not included.

FY2027 operating appropriations

FY2027 enacted operating plan

$65.2B$65,184,504,124

FactVote grouped the enacted agency totals in Fiscal Digest Exhibit B by service area. Every agency is assigned once, and the residual category captures all remaining agencies and statewide obligations so the figures reconcile exactly to $65.184 billion.

Health and human services$28.1B · 43.1%

Health, Human Services, Aging, Disabilities, the Health Benefit Exchange, and the Governor's Office for Children.

Education$16.4B · 25.2%

K-12 education, higher-education support, libraries, school construction administration, and related education agencies.

Transportation$7.1B · 10.8%

Maryland Department of Transportation operating appropriations.

Public safety and justice$5.4B · 8.3%

Corrections, State Police, juvenile services, emergency management, military affairs, courts, public defense, and other justice agencies.

Other government and statewide obligations$4.4B · 6.8%

The exact residual after the named service groups, including debt service, reserves, legislative and executive functions, stadium programs, and other regulatory or administrative agencies.

Economy, housing, and environment$3.8B · 5.8%

Housing, commerce, labor, natural resources, environment, agriculture, energy, planning, cannabis administration, and economic-mobility programs.

Tax structure

Common statewide rates

Property and district rates can be local. Each card states the applicable scope.

Individual income tax

2%–6.5% State + localMaryland's graduated State rates run from 2% to 6.5%. Counties and Baltimore City also levy local income tax, generally from 2.25% to 3.30% depending on residence and, in some counties, income.Comptroller of Maryland: Maryland Income Tax Rates and Brackets

Sales and use tax

6% general rateMaryland's general sales-and-use-tax rate is 6%; alcoholic beverages are generally taxed at 9%.Comptroller of Maryland: Sales and Use Tax

Corporate income tax

8.25%The corporation income tax is imposed at 8.25% of Maryland taxable income.Comptroller of Maryland: Business Income Tax Information

Real property tax

$0.112 State + localFor 2026–27 the State rate is $0.112 per $100 of assessed real-property value. County and municipal rates are added and vary by jurisdiction.Maryland Department of Assessments and Taxation: 2026–2027 Tax Rates and Homestead Credit Caps

Latest audited results

Fiscal year ended June 30, 2025

Government-wide activity for Maryland's primary government on the accrual basis. Revenue combines program revenue and general revenue; transfers between governmental and business-type activities cancel at the primary-government level.

Comptroller of Maryland: FY2025 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report

Government-wide revenue: $64.4B
Government-wide expenses: $65.2B

Method, scope, and limitations

FactVote used the Governor's signing announcement to confirm enactment and the Department of Budget and Management's FY2027 Fiscal Digest for exact operating fund and agency totals. Spending groups combine each published agency total once, with an exact residual. FY2025 tax-source shares and audited results come from the State's ACFR; current rates come from the Comptroller and Department of Assessments and Taxation.

The $65.184 billion figure is enacted operating appropriation authority, not actual spending. Reimbursable funds are reported separately and excluded to avoid double counting.
Maryland's separately enacted FY2027 capital budget is outside the operating total and spending breakdown shown here.
The spending categories are FactVote groupings of official agency totals rather than categories printed by the State; the residual is retained so every dollar reconciles.
The audited tax mix reports State primary-government taxes. Local income and property taxes collected for counties and municipalities are outside its denominator.

Last verified August 28, 2026 · Review by August 31, 2027 · Maryland figures refresh annually.

Taxes and the economy

Taxes, government spending, jobs, wages, and small business.

Taxes and economy

$103,678

Median household income

2020–2024 estimate

Median money income received by Maryland households, expressed in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

Income is not take-home pay and does not directly measure taxes, wealth, prices, or purchasing power.
A statewide median obscures regional and household differences.

Related state trends

Taxes and economy over time

Employment and unemployment place the latest economic facts in a longer statewide context.

Work

Employment and unemployment

3.2%unemployed

The unemployment rate is paired with employed Maryland residents indexed to 2015, so job recovery and labor-market slack remain readable on separate scales.

Unemployment rate
Employed people

Unemployment rate: 3.2%
Employed people: 3.1M
Employment since 2015: +4.3%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Unemployment rate

Maryland: 3.2%
U.S. benchmark: 4.0%
State rank #1 has the highest unemployment rate — worse: #34 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via FRED: National unemployment rate

View chart data

Year	Unemployment rate	Employed people	Employment index
2015	5.0%	3,007,714	100.0
2016	4.2%	3,055,268	101.6
2017	4.1%	3,117,487	103.6
2018	3.8%	3,147,501	104.6
2019	3.4%	3,221,709	107.1
2020	6.5%	3,026,142	100.6
2021	5.2%	3,008,375	100.0
2022	3.0%	3,082,086	102.5
2023	2.2%	3,126,374	103.9
2024	3.2%	3,137,930	104.3

Method and limitations

FactVote uses BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics annual averages for the statewide unemployment rate and civilian employment. The chart converts employment to an index with 2015 equal to 100; the data table retains the published employment level.

LAUS estimates are revised each year through the program's annual processing cycle.
Employment is residence-based civilian employment, not a count of jobs located in the state.
Annual averages smooth within-year changes.

Housing and property costs

Housing supply, affordability, renters, zoning, and property costs.

Housing

$1,705/month

Median gross rent

2020–2024 estimate

Median monthly gross rent for renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent, including contract rent plus estimated average utility and fuel costs paid by the renter.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate and expressed in 2024 dollars.

Keep in mind

This is a multi-year statewide estimate, not a current asking-rent measure.
The median obscures differences by location, unit size, housing quality, and renter circumstances.

Related state trends

Housing over time

Home values and household income show how Maryland housing costs and purchasing power have changed together.

Housing pressure

Home prices versus income growth

+65.8%home prices

FHFA house prices and BEA personal income per person are indexed to the same starting year. A widening gap signals that home prices are rising faster than this broad income measure.

FHFA home prices
Income per person

Home-price growth: +65.8%
Income growth: +44.6%
Income per person: $81,834

U.S. comparison & state rank2025

Home-price growth

Maryland: +65.8%
U.S. benchmark: +86.6%
State rank #1 has the fastest home-price growth — depends on perspective: #44 of 50

Income growth

Maryland: +44.6%
U.S. benchmark: +55.9%
State rank #1 has the fastest income growth — better: #49 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.Federal Housing Finance Agency: U.S. House Price Index U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis via FRED: U.S. personal income per capita

View chart data

Year	FHFA HPI	Home-price index	Income per person	Income index
2016	321.53	100.0	$56,606	100.0
2017	330.44	102.8	$58,245	102.9
2018	338.47	105.3	$59,915	105.8
2019	349.56	108.7	$61,723	109.0
2020	365.10	113.6	$64,863	114.6
2021	407.99	126.9	$69,268	122.4
2022	458.36	142.6	$70,886	125.2
2023	484.53	150.7	$75,624	133.6
2024	511.35	159.0	$79,486	140.4
2025	533.16	165.8	$81,834	144.6

Method and limitations

FactVote averages the four quarterly, not-seasonally-adjusted FHFA all-transactions HPI observations for each year. It compares that series with BEA annual per-capita personal income distributed by FRED, then rebases both to 100 in 2016.

This is a pressure indicator, not a home-price-to-income ratio and not a measure of monthly mortgage affordability.
Both series are nominal; neither is adjusted for inflation.
Per-capita personal income includes earnings, property income, and transfers and is not median household income.

Public safety and criminal justice

Policing, crime prevention, sentencing, incarceration, and rehabilitation.

Public safety and justice

425.9 per 100,000

Reported violent-crime rate

2024

Violent offenses reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

FactVote sums the 12 monthly state offense rates returned by the FBI Crime Data Explorer for each calendar year. The accompanying coverage value is the mean of the 12 monthly population-coverage percentages returned with the same query.

Keep in mind

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Maryland's average monthly population coverage fell to 58.8% in 2021; that year is flagged and should not be treated as directly comparable with the higher-coverage years. Every other year remained at or above 95.8%.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.
Average monthly population coverage in 2024 was 100%; this is not complete statewide reporting.

Public safety and justice

2,076.5 per 100,000

Reported property-crime rate

2024

Property offenses reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

Keep in mind

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Maryland's average monthly population coverage fell to 58.8% in 2021; that year is flagged and should not be treated as directly comparable with the higher-coverage years. Every other year remained at or above 95.8%.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.
Average monthly population coverage in 2024 was 100%; this is not complete statewide reporting.

Public safety and justice

529

Homicide deaths

2024 final data

Deaths for which homicide was the underlying cause, with the rate age-adjusted per 100,000 residents.

View breakdowns and source

Population-adjusted measure

Age-adjusted homicide death rate: 9.0 per 100,000

How it was measured

CDC National Vital Statistics System death-certificate data.

Keep in mind

Homicide mortality is not the same as offenses reported to police and does not include nonfatal violence.
Counts and rates do not establish causes or the effect of a particular policy.

Related state trends

Public safety and justice over time

Reported violent- and property-crime rates are shown with the coverage cautions needed to compare years responsibly.

Public safety

Reported violent and property crime rates

100.0% coverage

Reported offenses per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions. Amber points flag years when average monthly population coverage was below 90%.

Violent crime
Property crime
Partial reporting

Violent crime: 425.9 per 100k
Property crime: 2076.5 per 100k
Population coverage: 100.0%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Violent-crime rate

Maryland: 425.9 per 100k
U.S. benchmark: 359.1 per 100k
State rank #1 has the highest violent-crime rate — worse: #15 of 50

Property-crime rate

Maryland: 2076.5 per 100k
U.S. benchmark: 1760.1 per 100k
State rank #1 has the highest property-crime rate — worse: #8 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.An asterisk marks a state-year with less than 90% average population coverage. The U.S. figures are FBI national estimates; state figures are reported rates.Federal Bureau of Investigation: UCR Summary of Reported Crimes in the Nation, 2024

View chart data

Year	Violent rate	Property rate	Population coverage
2015	463.0 per 100k	2363.0 per 100k	95.8%
2016	482.0 per 100k	2335.2 per 100k	100.0%
2017	498.7 per 100k	2223.3 per 100k	99.8%
2018	469.2 per 100k	2047.9 per 100k	100.0%
2019	455.2 per 100k	1964.5 per 100k	100.0%
2020	409.4 per 100k	1626.5 per 100k	100.0%
2021	410.1 per 100k	1483.4 per 100k	58.8% · partial
2022	433.8 per 100k	1729.1 per 100k	99.3%
2023	447.2 per 100k	2181.8 per 100k	99.6%
2024	425.9 per 100k	2076.5 per 100k	100.0%

Method and limitations

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Maryland's average monthly population coverage fell to 58.8% in 2021; that year is flagged and should not be treated as directly comparable with the higher-coverage years. Every other year remained at or above 95.8%.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.

Healthcare

Coverage, prescription costs, Medicaid, and access to care.

Healthcare

7.4%

People under 65 without health insurance

2024 ACS annual estimate

Share of Maryland’s civilian noninstitutionalized residents under age 65 who lacked comprehensive health-insurance coverage at the time of the ACS survey.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the 2024 American Community Survey 1-year estimate.

Keep in mind

This is a survey estimate for people under 65 and does not describe coverage type or continuity of coverage.
Insurance status alone does not measure affordability, access, quality, or health outcomes.

Related state trends

Healthcare over time

Health-insurance coverage and life expectancy provide separate views of access and population health over time.

Health coverage

Residents without health insurance

6.3%uninsured

The share of the civilian noninstitutionalized population without health insurance at the time of the American Community Survey interview.

Uninsured rate
90% confidence margin

Uninsured rate: 6.3%
Margin of error: ±0.3 points

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Uninsured rate

Maryland: 6.3%
U.S. benchmark: 8.2%
State rank #1 has the highest uninsured rate — worse: #33 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Census Bureau: HIC-4_ACS health insurance coverage

View chart data

Year	Uninsured rate	90% margin of error
2014	7.9%	±0.3 points
2015	6.6%	±0.2 points
2016	6.1%	±0.3 points
2017	6.1%	±0.2 points
2018	6.0%	±0.2 points
2019	6.0%	±0.3 points
2020	Not released	—
2021	6.1%	±0.2 points
2022	6.1%	±0.3 points
2023	6.3%	±0.3 points
2024	6.3%	±0.3 points

Method and limitations

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's HIC-4_ACS historical table. Rates and 90% confidence margins of error are the published ACS 1-year estimates for the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

The Census Bureau did not release the standard 2020 ACS 1-year estimates because pandemic-era data collection did not meet its quality standards; the chart preserves that gap.
The rate is a survey estimate and the accompanying margin of error should be considered when comparing nearby values.
Coverage is measured at the interview and does not show how long someone was uninsured during the year.

Health outcomes

Life expectancy at birth

77.8 yearsat birth

Period life expectancy at birth based on Maryland's annual complete life tables and final state-specific death data.

Life expectancy at birth

U.S. comparison & state rank2022

Life expectancy

Maryland: 77.8 years
U.S. benchmark: 77.5 years
State rank #1 has the highest life expectancy — better: #20 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.CDC National Center for Health Statistics: U.S. state life tables, 2018–2022

View chart data

Year	Life expectancy at birth
2018	78.5 years
2019	78.5 years
2020	76.8 years
2021	77.2 years
2022	77.8 years

Method and limitations

FactVote uses CDC National Center for Health Statistics annual complete life-table estimates for the total Maryland population. Values are rounded to the published tenth of a year.

The latest published comparable state series ends in 2022, even though newer national life-expectancy estimates may be available.
Period life expectancy summarizes current mortality rates; it is not a forecast of how long a particular person will live.
The 2020 and 2021 estimates reflect the mortality shock during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Education

Public schools, school choice, teachers, and higher education.

Education

91.1%

Adults with at least a high school diploma

2020–2024 estimate

Share of Maryland residents age 25 and older whose reported attainment is a regular high school diploma or equivalent (including GED or an alternative credential), some college, or an associate’s or higher degree.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

This is an adult educational-attainment measure, not a current high-school graduation rate or a measure of school quality.
A statewide estimate can obscure differences across communities and demographic groups.

Related state trends

Education over time

Comparable NAEP assessment years show changes in statewide reading and mathematics performance.

Education

NAEP reading and math scores

215.6Grade 4 reading

Grade 4 and Grade 8 public-school mean scale scores from the Nation's Report Card. Reading and math are shown within each grade on their own panel.

Reading · circle
Math · square

Grade 4 reading: 215.6
Grade 4 math: 234.1
Grade 8 reading: 258.3
Grade 8 math: 268.2

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Grade 4 reading

Maryland: 215.6
U.S. benchmark: 215.0
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #20 of 50

Grade 4 math

Maryland: 234.1
U.S. benchmark: 237.5
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #39 of 50

Grade 8 reading

Maryland: 258.3
U.S. benchmark: 258.0
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #21 of 50

Grade 8 math

Maryland: 268.2
U.S. benchmark: 273.8
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #38 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.State ranks use public-school results. The U.S. benchmark includes the national public- and nonpublic-school sample.U.S. Department of Education, NCES: NAEP national results

View chart data

Assessment year	Grade 4 reading	Grade 4 math	Grade 8 reading	Grade 8 math
2003	218.7	233.1	261.6	277.7
2005	220.0	238.4	260.8	277.9
2007	224.8	240.3	265.2	285.7
2009	226.0	243.8	267.3	288.3
2011	230.8	247.1	271.2	288.0
2013	232.1	245.2	273.8	286.6
2015	222.9	239.5	267.9	283.1
2017	225.0	240.6	267.3	280.9
2019	219.8	238.6	264.4	280.1
2022	212.5	228.6	259.3	268.7
2024	215.6	234.1	258.3	268.2

Method and limitations

FactVote uses NAEP Data Service mean scale scores for all public-school students in Maryland. The series uses the total student group and the main reading and mathematics composite scales for Grade 4 and Grade 8.

NAEP is generally administered every two years; the 2021 administration was postponed, so the timeline moves from 2019 to 2022.
NAEP results are estimates from a sample. Statistical significance, not a visual gap alone, determines whether scores differ.
Each grade and subject has its own scale. Follow one line over time rather than comparing the numeric distance between grades or subjects.

Environment and energy

Clean water, conservation, climate, and energy production.

Environment

$4.12/gal

Central Atlantic regular gasoline price

Week of August 31, 2026

Estimated average cash price at the pump for regular-grade gasoline across EIA's Central Atlantic petroleum district, including federal, state, and local taxes. The district contains Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.

Maryland$4.117/gal

United States$4.071/gal

The Central Atlantic average was 4.6 cents per gallon, or about 1.1%, higher than the U.S. average.

View breakdowns and source

Maryland and U.S. context

Regular gasoline price

Maryland: $4.117/gal
United States: $4.071/gal

The Central Atlantic average was 4.6 cents per gallon, or about 1.1%, higher than the U.S. average.

Both values are EIA weekly retail estimates for regular gasoline, include taxes, and refer to the week of August 31, 2026. The Central Atlantic value is a regional proxy, not a Maryland statewide estimate.U.S. Energy Information Administration: Weekly U.S. Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices

Recent EIA observations

Prior week: $4.094/gal
Weekly change: +$0.023/gal
One year earlier: $3.150/gal
Change from one year earlier: +$0.967/gal

How it was measured

EIA's weekly retail gasoline survey samples outlets and publishes volume-weighted price estimates. Because EIA does not publish a current Maryland statewide weekly series, FactVote uses the smallest current EIA retail region that includes Maryland and labels it as a regional proxy.

Keep in mind

EIA does not publish a current Maryland statewide weekly retail gasoline-price series; this is the six-jurisdiction Central Atlantic average and is not a Maryland statewide estimate.
The regional average masks differences among states, communities, fuel formulations, payment methods, and individual stations.
This nominal weekly snapshot does not identify why prices changed or establish the effect of any tax, bill, executive action, or market event.

Related state trends

Environment over time

Maryland electricity generation, residential power prices, and gasoline prices show how the state's energy costs and supply have changed.

Energy

Electricity mix and residential price

17.86¢/kWhresidential average

In-state utility-scale electricity generation by energy source is paired with the annual average residential electricity price on a separate scale.

Natural gas39.3%
Coal7.0%
Nuclear41.6%
Solar2.9%
Hydroelectric5.2%
Wind1.6%
Other2.5%

Residential price: 17.86¢/kWh
Total generation: 35.4 TWh
Largest source: Nuclear · 41.6%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Residential electricity price

Maryland: 17.86¢/kWh
U.S. benchmark: 16.48¢/kWh
State rank #1 has the highest electricity price — worse: #13 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Energy Information Administration: National residential electricity price

View chart data

Year	Total generation	Natural gas	Coal	Nuclear	Solar	Hydroelectric	Wind	Other	Residential price
2015	36.366 TWh	4.555 TWh	13.926 TWh	14.643 TWh	0.119 TWh	1.623 TWh	0.435 TWh	1.065 TWh	13.82¢/kWh
2016	37.167 TWh	5.423 TWh	13.826 TWh	14.760 TWh	0.209 TWh	1.392 TWh	0.527 TWh	1.029 TWh	14.23¢/kWh
2017	34.104 TWh	6.729 TWh	8.514 TWh	15.107 TWh	0.267 TWh	1.965 TWh	0.561 TWh	0.960 TWh	13.96¢/kWh
2018	43.810 TWh	13.850 TWh	10.067 TWh	14.988 TWh	0.397 TWh	2.831 TWh	0.570 TWh	1.108 TWh	13.30¢/kWh
2019	39.326 TWh	14.605 TWh	5.722 TWh	15.013 TWh	0.494 TWh	2.188 TWh	0.520 TWh	0.783 TWh	13.12¢/kWh
2020	36.029 TWh	14.092 TWh	3.360 TWh	15.081 TWh	0.527 TWh	1.697 TWh	0.546 TWh	0.728 TWh	13.01¢/kWh
2021	38.235 TWh	13.977 TWh	5.174 TWh	14.994 TWh	0.632 TWh	2.117 TWh	0.517 TWh	0.824 TWh	13.12¢/kWh
2022	37.139 TWh	13.950 TWh	4.639 TWh	14.811 TWh	0.714 TWh	1.780 TWh	0.498 TWh	0.749 TWh	14.46¢/kWh
2023	36.001 TWh	15.336 TWh	1.709 TWh	14.984 TWh	0.943 TWh	1.849 TWh	0.482 TWh	0.698 TWh	16.60¢/kWh
2024	35.425 TWh	13.910 TWh	2.466 TWh	14.724 TWh	1.036 TWh	1.848 TWh	0.558 TWh	0.882 TWh	17.86¢/kWh

Method and limitations

FactVote uses EIA's annual utility-scale net generation series and groups sources into seven categories. The residential price is EIA's annual average revenue per kilowatthour and includes generation, transmission, distribution, taxes, and fees reflected in electric bills.

Generation is electricity produced inside Maryland, not electricity consumed there; interstate imports and exports are not represented.
The consistent utility-scale series excludes estimated generation from small-scale solar systems under 1 megawatt. The 'other' category is the residual of remaining reported energy sources.
The residential price is a statewide nominal average and can mask large differences among utilities, plans, and household usage.

Fuel cost

Central Atlantic regular gasoline prices

$4.018/galmonthly average

Monthly retail prices for regular-grade gasoline in EIA's six-jurisdiction Central Atlantic petroleum district show the market trend surrounding Maryland. EIA does not publish a current Maryland statewide weekly or monthly series.

Regular gasoline · monthly average

Price: $4.018/gal
From prior month: −12.1¢
From one year earlier: +88.1¢

U.S. comparison & state rank2026-07

Regular gasoline

Maryland: $4.018/gal
U.S. benchmark: $3.932/gal
State rank #1 has the highest gasoline price — worse: #9* of 49

* EIA does not publish a current Maryland statewide monthly gasoline-price series; this chart uses a six-jurisdiction regional average, not a statewide measurement.

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.Gasoline ranks cover states with a published FactVote monthly series. An asterisk marks an EIA regional or metro proxy rather than a statewide measurement.U.S. Energy Information Administration: U.S. regular gasoline prices

View chart data

Month	Regular gasoline price
January 2020	$2.638/gal
February 2020	$2.526/gal
March 2020	$2.349/gal
April 2020	$2.061/gal
May 2020	$2.027/gal
June 2020	$2.162/gal
July 2020	$2.248/gal
August 2020	$2.253/gal
September 2020	$2.278/gal
October 2020	$2.276/gal
November 2020	$2.255/gal
December 2020	$2.337/gal
January 2021	$2.472/gal
February 2021	$2.625/gal
March 2021	$2.869/gal
April 2021	$2.863/gal
May 2021	$3.005/gal
June 2021	$3.084/gal
July 2021	$3.150/gal
August 2021	$3.180/gal
September 2021	$3.230/gal
October 2021	$3.363/gal
November 2021	$3.491/gal
December 2021	$3.444/gal
January 2022	$3.420/gal
February 2022	$3.632/gal
March 2022	$4.256/gal
April 2022	$4.105/gal
May 2022	$4.588/gal
June 2022	$4.921/gal
July 2022	$4.622/gal
August 2022	$4.175/gal
September 2022	$3.710/gal
October 2022	$3.702/gal
November 2022	$3.851/gal
December 2022	$3.472/gal
January 2023	$3.469/gal
February 2023	$3.458/gal
March 2023	$3.406/gal
April 2023	$3.554/gal
May 2023	$3.573/gal
June 2023	$3.572/gal
July 2023	$3.627/gal
August 2023	$3.836/gal
September 2023	$3.797/gal
October 2023	$3.643/gal
November 2023	$3.461/gal
December 2023	$3.328/gal
January 2024	$3.209/gal
February 2024	$3.287/gal
March 2024	$3.383/gal
April 2024	$3.570/gal
May 2024	$3.651/gal
June 2024	$3.548/gal
July 2024	$3.548/gal
August 2024	$3.451/gal
September 2024	$3.258/gal
October 2024	$3.186/gal
November 2024	$3.125/gal
December 2024	$3.092/gal
January 2025	$3.163/gal
February 2025	$3.165/gal
March 2025	$3.084/gal
April 2025	$3.139/gal
May 2025	$3.108/gal
June 2025	$3.135/gal
July 2025	$3.137/gal
August 2025	$3.125/gal
September 2025	$3.179/gal
October 2025	$3.086/gal
November 2025	$3.102/gal
December 2025	$3.007/gal
January 2026	$2.903/gal
February 2026	$2.955/gal
March 2026	$3.550/gal
April 2026	$4.084/gal
May 2026	$4.492/gal
June 2026	$4.139/gal
July 2026	$4.018/gal
August 2026	$4.090/gal

Method and limitations

FactVote uses EIA's monthly Central Atlantic Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices series. EIA calculates monthly averages as simple averages of the published weekly retail estimates; prices include taxes.

This is EIA's Central Atlantic petroleum district, not a Maryland statewide average; it combines Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.
The regional average masks differences among states, communities, and individual stations.
Prices are nominal and not adjusted for inflation or seasonal patterns, and the weekly fact can differ from the monthly average.

Gun policy and public safety

Firearm rights, gun-safety rules, and violence prevention.

Gun policy

716

Firearm deaths

2024 final data

Deaths in which firearm injury was the underlying cause, with the rate age-adjusted per 100,000 residents.

View breakdowns and source

Population-adjusted measure

Age-adjusted firearm death rate: 11.6 per 100,000

How it was measured

CDC National Vital Statistics System death-certificate data.

Keep in mind

The total combines firearm deaths across intents, including suicide, homicide, legal intervention, and unintentional or undetermined injury.
It does not measure nonfatal injuries, firearm ownership, defensive uses, or policy effects.

Social Security, Medicare, and retirement

Retirement benefits, Medicare, and the long-term financing of these programs.

Immigration and border policy

Border enforcement, legal immigration, and pathways to citizenship.

Immigration

16.6%

Residents who are foreign-born

2020–2024 estimate

Share of Maryland residents who were not U.S. citizens at birth, including naturalized citizens, lawful noncitizens, and people without lawful status.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

Foreign-born is not a measure of unauthorized immigration or current border crossings.
The Census does not assign legal status in this measure.

Related state trends

Immigration over time

Population change is separated into natural change, domestic migration, and international migration.

People

Population growth and migration

6.3Mresidents

July 1 population estimates alongside the annual changes attributable to births minus deaths, domestic migration, and international migration.

Population
Births minus deaths
Domestic migration
International migration

Births minus deaths: +11.4K
Domestic migration: −12.1K
International migration: +20.5K

U.S. comparison & state rank2025

Population

Maryland: 6,265,347
U.S. total: 341,784,857
State rank #1 is most populous — not a performance ranking: #19 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Census Bureau: Vintage 2025 national population estimates

View chart data

Year	Population	Natural change	Domestic migration	International migration	Residual
2020	6,178,387	—	—	—	—
2021	6,176,035	8,439	-21,803	9,033	1,979
2022	6,183,257	11,431	-45,953	42,021	-277
2023	6,204,927	13,627	-31,484	39,681	-154
2024	6,245,314	11,618	-18,367	47,375	-239
2025	6,265,347	11,444	-12,127	20,503	213

Method and limitations

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 consistent state series. Population is the July 1 estimate. Change components describe the preceding annual estimates period, and the Census residual adjustment reconciles the components to the published population change.

Vintage estimates are revised as the Census Bureau incorporates newer records and methods.
Domestic and international migration are modeled demographic estimates, not direct counts of every move.
The small residual adjustment is included in the data table but not drawn as a separate bar.

Voting, democracy, and government accountability

Voting access, election administration, ethics, transparency, and corruption.

Democracy and accountability

72.44%

Registered-voter turnout

November 5, 2024 general election

Maryland voters who cast a ballot in the 2024 general election as a share of eligible active voters on the precinct register.

View breakdowns and source

2024 turnout comparison

General election turnout: 72.44%
Primary election turnoutMay 14, 2024 presidential primary: 27.63%

FactVote divides Maryland's official statewide voter totals by the eligible active voters on the precinct register reported for each election.

The registration files are dated before Election Day and exclude inactive registrations; election-day registration is not available in Maryland.
For the closed primary, Maryland's eligible-voter file excludes voters who had no contest available under their party or unaffiliated status.

Maryland State Board of Elections: 2024 Presidential Primary eligible active voters by county Review by January 31, 2027

Official participation totals

General-election voters: 3,045,855
General eligible active voters: 4,204,572
Primary-election voters: 1,016,857
Primary eligible active voters: 3,680,101

How it was measured

FactVote divides 3,045,855 official general-election voters by 4,204,572 eligible active voters and rounds to two decimals. The primary comparison divides 1,016,857 official primary voters by 3,680,101 eligible active voters.

Keep in mind

This uses active registration rather than all registrations, voting-age population, or voting-eligible population.
Turnout does not by itself measure election access, administration quality, confidence, or the effect of a specific rule.

Abortion and reproductive rights

Access to abortion and reproductive healthcare.

Reproductive rights

Pregnancy-associated deaths reviewed

2020 review year

Deaths during pregnancy or within one year of the end of pregnancy reviewed by Maryland's Maternal Mortality Review Program, regardless of whether pregnancy caused or contributed to the death.

View breakdowns and source

Review determination

Pregnancy-related: 17 (29%)
Not pregnancy-related: 41 (71%)

How it was measured

Maryland's multidisciplinary Maternal Mortality Review Program reviews pregnancy-associated deaths and classifies whether each death was pregnancy-related.

Keep in mind

This maternal-health measure is used because Maryland did not report abortion totals to CDC for 2013–2022 and its public vital-statistics reports do not provide a current statewide abortion count; it is not an abortion measure.
The review year is 2020, and maternal-death counts can fluctuate substantially from year to year; the measure does not establish the effect of a law or candidate position.

Facts are shown for context only and do not affect candidate matching or rankings. Dates, definitions, limitations, and primary sources are included with each figure.

State trends

How Maryland is changing

Eight statewide trend views cover population, work, housing, public safety, education, health coverage, longevity, and energy without mixing unlike reporting periods. Each chart now sits directly beneath its related fact section.

Maryland

FY2027 enacted operating budget

Fiscal year ended June 30, 2025

Taxes and the economy

How it was measured

Unemployment rate

Housing and property costs

How it was measured

Home-price growth

Income growth

Public safety and criminal justice

How it was measured

How it was measured

Population-adjusted measure

How it was measured

Violent-crime rate

Property-crime rate

Healthcare

How it was measured

Uninsured rate

Life expectancy

Education

How it was measured

Grade 4 reading

Grade 4 math

Grade 8 reading

Grade 8 math

Environment and energy

EIA generation totals

How it was measured

Maryland and U.S. context

Recent EIA observations

How it was measured

Residential electricity price

Regular gasoline

Gun policy and public safety

Population-adjusted measure

How it was measured

Social Security, Medicare, and retirement

Beneficiaries by grouped benefit type

How it was measured

Immigration and border policy

How it was measured

Population

Voting, democracy, and government accountability

2024 turnout comparison

Official participation totals

How it was measured

Abortion and reproductive rights

Review determination

How it was measured