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Massachusetts

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State snapshot

Massachusetts facts

Explore dated, statewide figures across taxes and the economy, housing, public safety, health, education, and other civic topics.

Explore Massachusetts individual facts and compare every state →

14 topic facts + fiscal overview + 9 state trends + 968 reviewed government links

Public money

How Massachusetts funds state services

The signed FY2027 budget, audited statewide tax revenue, and spending by service area. Each section keeps its own period and accounting scope; budget authority, audited results, Fair Share spending, and municipal property taxes are separate.

Enacted budget plan

$63.42BFY2027

Signed July 9, 2026

FY2027 signed budget

July 1, 2026–June 30, 2027

The Governor's official signed-budget headline for Chapter 137, including operating spending and Fair Share income-surtax investments. The $63.42 billion figure is published to the nearest $10 million and is budget authority, not audited expenditure.

Office of Massachusetts Governor Maura Healey: Governor Healey Signs FY2027 Budget

FY2025 audited actual

Where State tax revenue comes from

$44.9B$44,909,477,000

Shares of the $44.909 billion in taxes reported as general revenue for Massachusetts's primary government. The denominator excludes grants, charges for services, investment earnings, tobacco-settlement revenue, and municipal property taxes.

Income taxes$27.2B · 60.6%

The ACFR's audited Income tax line, including personal income-tax and Fair Share surtax revenue recognized government-wide.

Sales taxes$9.7B · 21.5%

Audited State sales-tax general revenue, including amounts dedicated to State entities; local meals and room-option taxes are outside this line.

Corporate taxes$3.9B · 8.6%

The ACFR's audited corporate-tax general-revenue line.

Other taxes$3.5B · 7.7%

The ACFR's combined Other taxes line, which includes tax types not separately presented in the government-wide statement.

Motor and special fuel taxes$705.9M · 1.6%

Audited State motor-fuel and special-fuel tax general revenue.

FY2027 enacted budget

FY2027 signed spending plan

$63.42B

Broad service groups assembled from Chapter 137's Section 2 line items, appropriations in Section 2E, and the signed budget's reported local aid. The final statewide-obligations line carries the remaining amount needed to reconcile those statutory groups to the rounded $63.42 billion signed headline.

Health and human services$33.5B · 52.9%

Health and human services, disabilities and community services, children and families, health services, aging, and related Fair Share transfers combined.

Education and libraries$13.3B · 20.9%

Executive Office of Education and Board of Library Commissioners items, plus education-related Fair Share transfers.

Statewide obligations and remaining government$7.75B · 12.2%

Treasury, pensions and benefits, administration, veterans services, constitutional offices, Legislature, and the residual created by reconciling statutory groups to the signed budget's rounded headline.

Courts and public safety$4.3B · 6.8%

Judiciary, district attorneys, Attorney General, public safety, sheriffs, and related oversight items combined.

Housing, economy, labor, and environment$1.9B · 3.0%

Housing and livable communities, economic development, labor and workforce development, and energy and environmental affairs combined.

Unrestricted local aid$1.36B · 2.1%

The signed budget's reported Unrestricted General Government Aid for cities and towns, rounded to the nearest $1 million.

Transportation appropriations$1.3B · 2.0%

Transportation transfers appropriated from Fair Share income-surtax revenue in Section 2E.

Tax structure

Common statewide rates

Property and district rates can be local. Each card states the applicable scope.

Personal income tax

5% + 4% surtaxThe general personal-income-tax rate is 5%. For tax year 2026, an additional 4% surtax applies to taxable income above $1,107,750; the threshold is indexed annually.Massachusetts Department of Revenue: Massachusetts Tax Rates

Sales and use tax

6.25%Massachusetts generally imposes a 6.25% State sales and use tax on taxable tangible personal property, telecommunications, and certain other sales and rentals.Massachusetts Department of Revenue: Sales and Use Tax Guide

Corporate excise

8% + property measureGeneral business and manufacturing corporations generally pay 8% of net income plus $2.60 per $1,000 of taxable tangible property or net worth, with a $456 minimum.Massachusetts Department of Revenue: Massachusetts Tax Rates

Property tax

Municipal rates varyCities and towns set and classify local property-tax rates within Proposition 2½ limits. Rates differ by community and may differ between residential and commercial property classes.Massachusetts Division of Local Services: FY2026 Tax Levies, Assessed Values and Tax Rates

Latest audited results

Fiscal year ended June 30, 2025

Audited government-wide activity for Massachusetts's primary government. Revenue combines program revenue and general revenue before internal transfers; these accrual-accounting results are not the FY2027 budget authority.

Massachusetts Office of the Comptroller: FY2025 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report

Government-wide revenue: $96.7B
Government-wide expenses: $97.6B

Method, scope, and limitations

FactVote used the Governor's signed $63.42 billion FY2027 headline and Chapter 137 for enacted status and line-item scope. Service groups combine each fixed-dollar Section 2 appropriation once, add relevant Section 2E Fair Share transfers, and show the reported unrestricted local-aid amount separately. Audited tax-source shares and government-wide results come from the FY2025 ACFR.

The signed $63.42 billion headline is rounded to the nearest $10 million. The statewide-obligations category includes a calculated residual and therefore is not an independently published appropriation total.
Some Massachusetts appropriations, including unrestricted local aid, are formula-based or supported by projected receipts rather than a single fixed dollar amount printed beside a line item.
Section 2D federal-grant spending authority is excluded from the signed top-line grouping to avoid adding federal grant authorizations to the operating-budget headline a second time.
Municipal property taxes are outside the Commonwealth primary-government tax-source denominator and vary across all 351 cities and towns.

Last verified August 28, 2026 · Review by July 31, 2027 · Massachusetts figures refresh annually.

Taxes and the economy

Taxes, government spending, jobs, wages, and small business.

Taxes and economy

$103,960

Median household income

2020-2024 estimate

Median annual money income of Massachusetts households, expressed in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars.

Massachusetts$103,960

United States$80,734

Massachusetts' statewide median was $23,226 above the national median.

View breakdowns and source

Massachusetts and U.S. context

Median household income

Massachusetts: $103,960
United States: $80,734

Massachusetts' statewide median was $23,226 above the national median.

Both are Census QuickFacts 2020-2024 estimates in 2024 dollars.U.S. Census Bureau: QuickFacts: Massachusetts and United States

Additional income context

Per capita income: $57,897
People in poverty: 9.7%

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts estimate derived from the American Community Survey.

Keep in mind

Household income is not take-home pay and does not directly measure taxes, wealth, prices, or purchasing power.
A statewide median can obscure differences among households and regions.

Related state trends

Taxes and economy over time

Employment and unemployment place the latest economic facts in a longer statewide context.

Work

Employment and unemployment

4.0%unemployed

The unemployment rate is paired with employed Massachusetts residents indexed to 2015, so job recovery and labor-market slack remain readable on separate scales.

Unemployment rate
Employed people

Unemployment rate: 4.0%
Employed people: 3.8M
Employment since 2015: +9.2%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Unemployment rate

Massachusetts: 4.0%
U.S. benchmark: 4.0%
State rank #1 has the highest unemployment rate — worse: #19 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via FRED: National unemployment rate

View chart data

Year	Unemployment rate	Employed people	Employment index
2015	4.8%	3,445,762	100.0
2016	4.0%	3,507,611	101.8
2017	3.8%	3,585,664	104.1
2018	3.5%	3,690,050	107.1
2019	3.0%	3,730,081	108.3
2020	9.3%	3,395,793	98.5
2021	5.3%	3,545,871	102.9
2022	3.7%	3,642,556	105.7
2023	3.5%	3,690,724	107.1
2024	4.0%	3,764,385	109.2

Method and limitations

FactVote uses BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics annual averages for the statewide unemployment rate and civilian employment. The chart converts employment to an index with 2015 equal to 100; the data table retains the published employment level.

LAUS estimates are revised each year through the program's annual processing cycle.
Employment is residence-based civilian employment, not a count of jobs located in the state.
Annual averages smooth within-year changes.

Housing and property costs

Housing supply, affordability, renters, zoning, and property costs.

Housing

$1,762/month

Median gross rent

2020-2024 estimate

Median monthly gross rent for occupied rental units paying cash rent, including contract rent and estimated tenant-paid utilities.

Massachusetts$1,762/month

United States$1,413/month

Massachusetts' statewide median was $349 per month higher than the national median.

View breakdowns and source

Massachusetts and U.S. context

Median gross rent

Massachusetts: $1,762/month
United States: $1,413/month

Massachusetts' statewide median was $349 per month higher than the national median.

Both values are Census QuickFacts 2020-2024 estimates in 2024 dollars.U.S. Census Bureau: QuickFacts: Massachusetts and United States

Other statewide housing measures

Median owner-occupied home value: $562,100
Owner costs with a mortgage: $2,726/month
Owner-occupied housing rate: 62.5%

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts estimate derived from the American Community Survey.

Keep in mind

This is a statewide multi-year estimate; local rents and current asking rents can differ substantially.
The owner measures describe owner-occupied units and do not estimate the current cost to buy a home.

Related state trends

Housing over time

Home values and household income show how Massachusetts housing costs and purchasing power have changed together.

Housing pressure

Home prices versus income growth

+85.6%home prices

FHFA house prices and BEA personal income per person are indexed to the same starting year. A widening gap signals that home prices are rising faster than this broad income measure.

FHFA home prices
Income per person

Home-price growth: +85.6%
Income growth: +53.5%
Income per person: $97,456

U.S. comparison & state rank2025

Home-price growth

Massachusetts: +85.6%
U.S. benchmark: +86.6%
State rank #1 has the fastest home-price growth — depends on perspective: #24 of 50

Income growth

Massachusetts: +53.5%
U.S. benchmark: +55.9%
State rank #1 has the fastest income growth — better: #29 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.Federal Housing Finance Agency: U.S. House Price Index U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis via FRED: U.S. personal income per capita

View chart data

Year	FHFA HPI	Home-price index	Income per person	Income index
2016	477.20	100.0	$63,476	100.0
2017	500.71	104.9	$66,069	104.1
2018	528.68	110.8	$69,191	109.0
2019	551.80	115.6	$72,381	114.0
2020	579.23	121.4	$77,596	122.2
2021	652.24	136.7	$84,132	132.5
2022	740.28	155.1	$85,405	134.5
2023	782.39	164.0	$89,860	141.6
2024	839.89	176.0	$93,575	147.4
2025	885.61	185.6	$97,456	153.5

Method and limitations

FactVote averages the four quarterly, not-seasonally-adjusted FHFA all-transactions HPI observations for each year. It compares that series with BEA annual per-capita personal income distributed by FRED, then rebases both to 100 in 2016.

This is a pressure indicator, not a home-price-to-income ratio and not a measure of monthly mortgage affordability.
Both series are nominal; neither is adjusted for inflation.
Per-capita personal income includes earnings, property income, and transfers and is not median household income.

Public safety and criminal justice

Policing, crime prevention, sentencing, incarceration, and rehabilitation.

Public safety and justice

317.9 per 100,000

Reported violent-crime rate

2024

Violent offenses reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

FactVote sums the 12 monthly state offense rates returned by the FBI Crime Data Explorer for each calendar year. The accompanying coverage value is the mean of the 12 monthly population-coverage percentages returned with the same query.

Keep in mind

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Massachusetts' average monthly population coverage remained at or above 97.7% throughout this series, but coverage still varies and does not equal complete statewide reporting.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.
Average monthly population coverage in 2024 was 99.7%; this is not complete statewide reporting.

Public safety and justice

1,126.9 per 100,000

Reported property-crime rate

2024

Property offenses reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

Keep in mind

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Massachusetts' average monthly population coverage remained at or above 97.7% throughout this series, but coverage still varies and does not equal complete statewide reporting.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.
Average monthly population coverage in 2024 was 99.7%; this is not complete statewide reporting.

Public safety and justice

6,281

MA DOC jurisdiction population

September 30, 2025 snapshot

People under Massachusetts Department of Correction legal authority, regardless of whether they were held in a DOC facility or another setting.

View breakdowns and source

Population location

DOC custody population: 6,107
Non-custody population under DOC jurisdiction: 174

How it was measured

Massachusetts DOC quarterly administrative snapshot, with custody and non-custody components reported separately and summed to the jurisdiction total.

Keep in mind

This excludes people in county jails or houses of correction unless they were under state DOC jurisdiction.
It is a point-in-time correctional population, not a crime rate or a measure of every person under community supervision.

Related state trends

Public safety and justice over time

Reported violent- and property-crime rates are shown with the coverage cautions needed to compare years responsibly.

Public safety

Reported violent and property crime rates

99.7% coverage

Reported offenses per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions. Amber points flag years when average monthly population coverage was below 90%.

Violent crime
Property crime
Partial reporting

Violent crime: 317.9 per 100k
Property crime: 1126.9 per 100k
Population coverage: 99.7%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Violent-crime rate

Massachusetts: 317.9 per 100k
U.S. benchmark: 359.1 per 100k
State rank #1 has the highest violent-crime rate — worse: #27 of 50

Property-crime rate

Massachusetts: 1126.9 per 100k
U.S. benchmark: 1760.1 per 100k
State rank #1 has the highest property-crime rate — worse: #47 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.An asterisk marks a state-year with less than 90% average population coverage. The U.S. figures are FBI national estimates; state figures are reported rates.Federal Bureau of Investigation: UCR Summary of Reported Crimes in the Nation, 2024

View chart data

Year	Violent rate	Property rate	Population coverage
2015	389.2 per 100k	1686.3 per 100k	97.7%
2016	379.8 per 100k	1558.6 per 100k	98.3%
2017	358.2 per 100k	1440.7 per 100k	98.6%
2018	341.5 per 100k	1277.3 per 100k	98.7%
2019	330.0 per 100k	1184.9 per 100k	99.0%
2020	311.8 per 100k	1069.5 per 100k	99.4%
2021	302.4 per 100k	1009.7 per 100k	99.6%
2022	325.7 per 100k	1086.4 per 100k	99.6%
2023	327.3 per 100k	1149.6 per 100k	99.7%
2024	317.9 per 100k	1126.9 per 100k	99.7%

Method and limitations

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Massachusetts' average monthly population coverage remained at or above 97.7% throughout this series, but coverage still varies and does not equal complete statewide reporting.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.

Healthcare

Coverage, prescription costs, Medicaid, and access to care.

Healthcare

3.3%

People under 65 without health insurance

2024 ACS annual estimate

Share of Massachusetts’s civilian noninstitutionalized residents under age 65 who lacked comprehensive health-insurance coverage at the time of the ACS survey.

Massachusetts3.3%

United States9.8%

Massachusetts’s estimate was 6.5 percentage points below the U.S. estimate.

View breakdowns and source

Massachusetts and U.S. context

Uninsured under age 65

Massachusetts: 3.3%
United States: 9.8%

Massachusetts’s estimate was 6.5 percentage points below the U.S. estimate.

Both figures use the same 2024 ACS 1-year table and civilian noninstitutionalized population under age 65.U.S. Census Bureau: HIC-6_ACS: Health Insurance Coverage by State, Persons Under 65 Download official data

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the 2024 American Community Survey 1-year estimate.

Keep in mind

This excludes people age 65 and older.
Insurance status does not measure affordability, coverage adequacy, provider availability, or quality.

Related state trends

Healthcare over time

Health-insurance coverage and life expectancy provide separate views of access and population health over time.

Health coverage

Residents without health insurance

2.8%uninsured

The share of the civilian noninstitutionalized population without health insurance at the time of the American Community Survey interview.

Uninsured rate
90% confidence margin

Uninsured rate: 2.8%
Margin of error: ±0.2 points

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Uninsured rate

Massachusetts: 2.8%
U.S. benchmark: 8.2%
State rank #1 has the highest uninsured rate — worse: #50 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Census Bureau: HIC-4_ACS health insurance coverage

View chart data

Year	Uninsured rate	90% margin of error
2014	3.3%	±0.1 points
2015	2.8%	±0.1 points
2016	2.5%	±0.2 points
2017	2.8%	±0.1 points
2018	2.8%	±0.2 points
2019	3.0%	±0.2 points
2020	Not released	—
2021	2.5%	±0.1 points
2022	2.4%	±0.2 points
2023	2.6%	±0.2 points
2024	2.8%	±0.2 points

Method and limitations

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's HIC-4_ACS historical table. Rates and 90% confidence margins of error are the published ACS 1-year estimates for the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

The Census Bureau did not release the standard 2020 ACS 1-year estimates because pandemic-era data collection did not meet its quality standards; the chart preserves that gap.
The rate is a survey estimate and the accompanying margin of error should be considered when comparing nearby values.
Coverage is measured at the interview and does not show how long someone was uninsured during the year.

Health outcomes

Life expectancy at birth

79.8 yearsat birth

Period life expectancy at birth based on Massachusetts' annual complete life tables and final state-specific death data.

Life expectancy at birth

U.S. comparison & state rank2022

Life expectancy

Massachusetts: 79.8 years
U.S. benchmark: 77.5 years
State rank #1 has the highest life expectancy — better: #2 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.CDC National Center for Health Statistics: U.S. state life tables, 2018–2022

View chart data

Year	Life expectancy at birth
2018	80.1 years
2019	80.4 years
2020	79.0 years
2021	79.6 years
2022	79.8 years

Method and limitations

FactVote uses CDC National Center for Health Statistics annual complete life-table estimates for the total Massachusetts population. Values are rounded to the published tenth of a year.

The latest published comparable state series ends in 2022, even though newer national life-expectancy estimates may be available.
Period life expectancy summarizes current mortality rates; it is not a forecast of how long a particular person will live.
The 2020 and 2021 estimates reflect the mortality shock during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Education

Public schools, school choice, teachers, and higher education.

Education

900,487

Public-school enrollment

2025–26 school year

Students in the statewide Massachusetts School and District Profiles enrollment table.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education administrative enrollment reporting.

Keep in mind

Enrollment is not a measure of performance, quality, or school choice.
The statewide total masks district and student-group differences.

Related state trends

Education over time

Comparable NAEP assessment years show changes in statewide reading and mathematics performance.

Education

NAEP reading and math scores

224.8Grade 4 reading

Grade 4 and Grade 8 public-school mean scale scores from the Nation's Report Card. Reading and math are shown within each grade on their own panel.

Reading · circle
Math · square

Grade 4 reading: 224.8
Grade 4 math: 246.5
Grade 8 reading: 268.0
Grade 8 math: 283.5

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Grade 4 reading

Massachusetts: 224.8
U.S. benchmark: 215.0
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #1 of 50

Grade 4 math

Massachusetts: 246.5
U.S. benchmark: 237.5
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #1 of 50

Grade 8 reading

Massachusetts: 268.0
U.S. benchmark: 258.0
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #1 of 50

Grade 8 math

Massachusetts: 283.5
U.S. benchmark: 273.8
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #1 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.State ranks use public-school results. The U.S. benchmark includes the national public- and nonpublic-school sample.U.S. Department of Education, NCES: NAEP national results

View chart data

Assessment year	Grade 4 reading	Grade 4 math	Grade 8 reading	Grade 8 math
2003	227.6	241.7	272.9	286.5
2005	231.3	247.3	273.7	291.5
2007	235.8	252.4	273.3	297.9
2009	233.7	252.3	273.6	298.9
2011	236.8	253.4	275.4	298.5
2013	232.4	253.0	277.0	300.6
2015	235.3	250.6	274.5	296.9
2017	235.7	249.1	277.8	297.0
2019	231.1	247.3	273.1	294.5
2022	226.8	241.7	268.8	283.6
2024	224.8	246.5	268.0	283.5

Method and limitations

FactVote uses NAEP Data Service mean scale scores for all public-school students in Massachusetts. The series uses the total student group and the main reading and mathematics composite scales for Grade 4 and Grade 8.

NAEP is generally administered every two years; the 2021 administration was postponed, so the timeline moves from 2019 to 2022.
NAEP results are estimates from a sample. Statistical significance, not a visual gap alone, determines whether scores differ.
Each grade and subject has its own scale. Follow one line over time rather than comparing the numeric distance between grades or subjects.

Environment and energy

Clean water, conservation, climate, and energy production.

Environment

23.94¢/kWh

Average retail electricity price

2024

Average retail electricity revenue per kilowatthour across customer sectors in the EIA state profile.

View breakdowns and source

Electric system

Primary generation source: Natural gas
In-state net generation: 20.9 million MWh
Carbon dioxide emissions: 8.895 million metric tons

How it was measured

EIA-860, EIA-861, and EIA-923 collections.

Keep in mind

The statewide average is not every customer's bill or current utility rate.
In-state generation differs from power consumed because electricity crosses state lines.

Environment

$4.07/gal

Regular gasoline price

Week of August 31, 2026

Estimated average retail price at the pump for regular-grade gasoline across all formulations in Massachusetts, including federal, state, and local taxes.

Massachusetts$4.068/gal

United States$4.071/gal

The Massachusetts average was 0.3 cents per gallon, or about 0.1%, lower than the U.S. average.

View breakdowns and source

Massachusetts and U.S. context

Regular gasoline price

Massachusetts: $4.068/gal
United States: $4.071/gal

The Massachusetts average was 0.3 cents per gallon, or about 0.1%, lower than the U.S. average.

Both values are EIA weekly retail estimates for regular gasoline, include taxes, and refer to the week of August 31, 2026.U.S. Energy Information Administration: Weekly U.S. Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices

Recent EIA observations

Prior week: $4.016/gal
Weekly change: +$0.052/gal
One year earlier: $3.050/gal
Change from one year earlier: +$1.018/gal

How it was measured

EIA's weekly retail gasoline survey samples outlets and publishes a volume-weighted Massachusetts price estimate. FactVote displays the published dollars-per-gallon value and calculates changes from EIA's published prior-week and nearest year-earlier weekly observations.

Keep in mind

The statewide estimate does not represent the price at every station or in every Massachusetts community.
Differences in fuel formulations, payment methods, taxes, and local market conditions can produce prices above or below the statewide average.
This nominal weekly snapshot does not identify why prices changed or establish the effect of any tax, bill, executive action, or market event.

Related state trends

Environment over time

Massachusetts electricity generation, residential power prices, and gasoline prices show how the state's energy costs and supply have changed.

Energy

Electricity mix and residential price

29.35¢/kWhresidential average

In-state utility-scale electricity generation by energy source is paired with the annual average residential electricity price on a separate scale.

Natural gas77.5%
Coal0.0%
Nuclear0.0%
Solar10.2%
Hydroelectric4.2%
Wind0.8%
Other7.3%

Residential price: 29.35¢/kWh
Total generation: 20.9 TWh
Largest source: Natural gas · 77.5%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Residential electricity price

Massachusetts: 29.35¢/kWh
U.S. benchmark: 16.48¢/kWh
State rank #1 has the highest electricity price — worse: #3 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Energy Information Administration: National residential electricity price

View chart data

Year	Total generation	Natural gas	Coal	Nuclear	Solar	Hydroelectric	Wind	Other	Residential price
2015	32.086 TWh	21.007 TWh	2.253 TWh	4.995 TWh	0.451 TWh	0.827 TWh	0.215 TWh	2.338 TWh	19.83¢/kWh
2016	31.955 TWh	21.144 TWh	1.875 TWh	5.414 TWh	0.609 TWh	0.713 TWh	0.216 TWh	1.984 TWh	19.00¢/kWh
2017	32.204 TWh	22.153 TWh	1.136 TWh	5.047 TWh	0.788 TWh	1.037 TWh	0.233 TWh	1.809 TWh	20.06¢/kWh
2018	27.173 TWh	18.386 TWh	0.000 TWh	4.442 TWh	0.978 TWh	1.134 TWh	0.221 TWh	2.013 TWh	21.61¢/kWh
2019	21.516 TWh	15.407 TWh	0.000 TWh	2.177 TWh	1.164 TWh	0.976 TWh	0.211 TWh	1.582 TWh	21.92¢/kWh
2020	18.214 TWh	14.177 TWh	0.000 TWh	0.000 TWh	1.404 TWh	0.844 TWh	0.238 TWh	1.551 TWh	21.97¢/kWh
2021	19.477 TWh	15.010 TWh	0.000 TWh	0.000 TWh	1.587 TWh	1.118 TWh	0.209 TWh	1.554 TWh	22.89¢/kWh
2022	21.026 TWh	15.776 TWh	0.000 TWh	0.000 TWh	1.934 TWh	0.877 TWh	0.216 TWh	2.223 TWh	25.97¢/kWh
2023	19.696 TWh	14.774 TWh	0.000 TWh	0.000 TWh	2.015 TWh	1.165 TWh	0.182 TWh	1.560 TWh	29.61¢/kWh
2024	20.915 TWh	16.203 TWh	0.000 TWh	0.000 TWh	2.127 TWh	0.881 TWh	0.169 TWh	1.535 TWh	29.35¢/kWh

Method and limitations

FactVote uses EIA's annual utility-scale net generation series and groups sources into seven categories. The residential price is EIA's annual average revenue per kilowatthour and includes generation, transmission, distribution, taxes, and fees reflected in electric bills.

Generation is electricity produced inside Massachusetts, not electricity consumed there; interstate imports and exports are not represented.
The consistent utility-scale series excludes estimated generation from small-scale solar systems under 1 megawatt. The 'other' category is the residual of remaining reported energy sources.
The residential price is a statewide nominal average and can mask large differences among utilities, plans, and household usage.

Fuel cost

Monthly regular gasoline price

$3.918/galmonthly average

Monthly statewide retail prices for regular-grade gasoline across all formulations, including taxes.

Regular gasoline · monthly average

Price: $3.918/gal
From prior month: −16.1¢
From one year earlier: +91.4¢

U.S. comparison & state rank2026-07

Regular gasoline

Massachusetts: $3.918/gal
U.S. benchmark: $3.932/gal
State rank #1 has the highest gasoline price — worse: #18 of 49

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.Gasoline ranks cover states with a published FactVote monthly series. An asterisk marks an EIA regional or metro proxy rather than a statewide measurement.U.S. Energy Information Administration: U.S. regular gasoline prices

View chart data

Month	Regular gasoline price
January 2020	$2.555/gal
February 2020	$2.488/gal
March 2020	$2.281/gal
April 2020	$1.900/gal
May 2020	$1.895/gal
June 2020	$2.018/gal
July 2020	$2.088/gal
August 2020	$2.095/gal
September 2020	$2.093/gal
October 2020	$2.062/gal
November 2020	$2.043/gal
December 2020	$2.140/gal
January 2021	$2.294/gal
February 2021	$2.452/gal
March 2021	$2.707/gal
April 2021	$2.738/gal
May 2021	$2.861/gal
June 2021	$2.931/gal
July 2021	$3.004/gal
August 2021	$3.023/gal
September 2021	$3.075/gal
October 2021	$3.223/gal
November 2021	$3.395/gal
December 2021	$3.358/gal
January 2022	$3.318/gal
February 2022	$3.482/gal
March 2022	$4.212/gal
April 2022	$4.066/gal
May 2022	$4.534/gal
June 2022	$4.960/gal
July 2022	$4.601/gal
August 2022	$4.210/gal
September 2022	$3.683/gal
October 2022	$3.564/gal
November 2022	$3.775/gal
December 2022	$3.428/gal
January 2023	$3.310/gal
February 2023	$3.306/gal
March 2023	$3.221/gal
April 2023	$3.344/gal
May 2023	$3.428/gal
June 2023	$3.501/gal
July 2023	$3.541/gal
August 2023	$3.739/gal
September 2023	$3.717/gal
October 2023	$3.594/gal
November 2023	$3.411/gal
December 2023	$3.226/gal
January 2024	$3.099/gal
February 2024	$3.125/gal
March 2024	$3.208/gal
April 2024	$3.426/gal
May 2024	$3.545/gal
June 2024	$3.448/gal
July 2024	$3.473/gal
August 2024	$3.377/gal
September 2024	$3.144/gal
October 2024	$3.027/gal
November 2024	$2.964/gal
December 2024	$2.981/gal
January 2025	$2.982/gal
February 2025	$2.983/gal
March 2025	$2.921/gal
April 2025	$2.906/gal
May 2025	$2.944/gal
June 2025	$2.984/gal
July 2025	$3.004/gal
August 2025	$3.043/gal
September 2025	$3.060/gal
October 2025	$2.933/gal
November 2025	$2.960/gal
December 2025	$2.919/gal
January 2026	$2.823/gal
February 2026	$2.842/gal
March 2026	$3.430/gal
April 2026	$3.922/gal
May 2026	$4.408/gal
June 2026	$4.079/gal
July 2026	$3.918/gal
August 2026	$4.011/gal

Method and limitations

FactVote uses EIA's monthly Massachusetts Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices series. EIA calculates monthly averages as simple averages of the published weekly retail estimates; prices include taxes.

The statewide estimate does not represent the price at every station or in every Massachusetts community.
Fuel formulations, payment methods, taxes, and local market conditions can produce prices above or below the statewide average.
Prices are nominal and not adjusted for inflation or seasonal patterns, and the weekly fact can differ from the monthly average.

Gun policy and public safety

Firearm rights, gun-safety rules, and violence prevention.

Gun policy

287

Firearm deaths

2024 final data

Deaths in which firearm injury was the underlying cause, with the rate age-adjusted per 100,000 residents.

Massachusetts3.8 per 100,000

United States13.1 per 100,000

Massachusetts' rate was 9.3 deaths per 100,000 below the national rate.

View breakdowns and source

Massachusetts and U.S. context

Age-adjusted firearm death rate

Massachusetts: 3.8 per 100,000
United States: 13.1 per 100,000

Massachusetts' rate was 9.3 deaths per 100,000 below the national rate.

Both rates use 2024 National Vital Statistics System mortality data and are age-adjusted.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Firearm Mortality

Population-adjusted measure

Age-adjusted firearm death rate: 3.8 per 100,000

How it was measured

CDC National Vital Statistics System death-certificate data.

Keep in mind

The total combines homicide, suicide, accident, legal-intervention, and undetermined intent.
Mortality data do not measure nonfatal injuries, ownership, defensive uses, or policy effects.

Social Security, Medicare, and retirement

Retirement benefits, Medicare, and the long-term financing of these programs.

Immigration and border policy

Border enforcement, legal immigration, and pathways to citizenship.

Immigration

18.0%

Residents who are foreign-born

2020-2024 estimate

Share of Massachusetts residents who were not U.S. citizens at birth, including naturalized citizens, lawful noncitizens, and people without lawful status.

Massachusetts18.0%

United States14.1%

Massachusetts' estimate was 3.9 percentage points above the national estimate.

View breakdowns and source

Massachusetts and U.S. context

Foreign-born residents

Massachusetts: 18.0%
United States: 14.1%

Massachusetts' estimate was 3.9 percentage points above the national estimate.

Both values use the same 2020-2024 Census QuickFacts measure.U.S. Census Bureau: QuickFacts: Massachusetts and United States

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts estimate derived from the American Community Survey.

Keep in mind

Foreign-born is not a measure of unauthorized immigration or current border crossings.
The Census does not assign legal status in this measure.

Related state trends

Immigration over time

Population change is separated into natural change, domestic migration, and international migration.

People

Population growth and migration

7.2Mresidents

July 1 population estimates alongside the annual changes attributable to births minus deaths, domestic migration, and international migration.

Population
Births minus deaths
Domestic migration
International migration

Births minus deaths: +8.4K
Domestic migration: −33.3K
International migration: +40.2K

U.S. comparison & state rank2025

Population

Massachusetts: 7,154,084
U.S. total: 341,784,857
State rank #1 is most populous — not a performance ranking: #16 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Census Bureau: Vintage 2025 national population estimates

View chart data

Year	Population	Natural change	Domestic migration	International migration	Residual
2020	6,985,320	—	—	—	—
2021	6,996,721	4,821	-9,433	16,475	-462
2022	7,025,465	5,258	-47,954	73,597	-2,157
2023	7,073,479	6,365	-35,360	77,588	-579
2024	7,138,560	6,797	-19,195	77,957	-478
2025	7,154,084	8,419	-33,340	40,240	205

Method and limitations

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 consistent state series. Population is the July 1 estimate. Change components describe the preceding annual estimates period, and the Census residual adjustment reconciles the components to the published population change.

Vintage estimates are revised as the Census Bureau incorporates newer records and methods.
Domestic and international migration are modeled demographic estimates, not direct counts of every move.
The small residual adjustment is included in the data table but not drawn as a separate bar.

Voting, democracy, and government accountability

Voting access, election administration, ethics, transparency, and corruption.

Democracy and accountability

68.31%

Registered-voter turnout in the 2024 state election

November 5, 2024 state election

Votes cast in Massachusetts's 2024 state election as a share of registered voters.

View breakdowns and source

2024 turnout comparison

General: Nov. 5 · State primary: Sept. 3

General election turnout: 68.31%
Primary election turnoutSeptember 3, 2024 state primary: 16.7%

The official series reports 3,512,930 votes from 5,142,343 registered voters in the state election and 841,940 votes from 5,054,539 registered voters in the state primary.

Massachusetts also held a March 5 presidential preference primary; this comparison uses the September state primary associated with the state-election cycle.

Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: Voter Turnout Statistics Review by January 31, 2027

Official participation totals

General-election votes cast: 3,512,930
State-primary votes cast: 841,940

How it was measured

Secretary of the Commonwealth statewide voter-turnout series using registered voters and total votes cast for each election.

Keep in mind

This is registered-voter turnout, not turnout among the voting-age or voting-eligible population.
Primary and general ballot choices differ, and turnout does not measure election accuracy, access, confidence, or policy effects.

Abortion and reproductive rights

Access to abortion and reproductive healthcare.

Reproductive rights

49,450

Reported induced terminations of pregnancy

Calendar year 2024

Induced terminations reported by 62 reporting facilities to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health as of December 3, 2025.

View breakdowns and source

By reported gestational age

0–12 weeks: 47,733
13–23 weeks: 1,618
24 weeks or more: 99

Reporting context

Reported through telehealth: 30,902
Massachusetts residents: 21,407
Non-Massachusetts residents: 27,836
Residence unknown: 207

How it was measured

The headline is the DPH statewide total. The 13–23-week display group sums the report's 13–16, 17–20, and 21–23-week rows; the resulting age groups reconcile exactly to the headline.

Keep in mind

The 2024 report includes 30,902 telehealth reports and 27,836 patients whose reported residence was outside Massachusetts; it is not a count limited to Massachusetts residents or in-person procedures.
The table is an administrative report for 2024, not a live 2026 count, and the gestational-age ranges should not be relabeled as clinical trimesters.

Facts are shown for context only and do not affect candidate matching or rankings. Dates, definitions, limitations, and primary sources are included with each figure.

State trends

How Massachusetts is changing

Nine statewide trend views cover population, work, housing, public safety, education, health coverage, longevity, gasoline prices, and energy without mixing unlike reporting periods. Each chart now sits directly beneath its related fact section.

Massachusetts

FY2027 signed budget

Fiscal year ended June 30, 2025

Taxes and the economy

Massachusetts and U.S. context

Additional income context

How it was measured

Unemployment rate

Housing and property costs

Massachusetts and U.S. context

Other statewide housing measures

How it was measured

Home-price growth

Income growth

Public safety and criminal justice

How it was measured

How it was measured

Population location

How it was measured

Violent-crime rate

Property-crime rate

Healthcare

Massachusetts and U.S. context

How it was measured

Uninsured rate

Life expectancy

Education

How it was measured

Grade 4 reading

Grade 4 math

Grade 8 reading

Grade 8 math

Environment and energy

Electric system

How it was measured

Massachusetts and U.S. context

Recent EIA observations

How it was measured

Residential electricity price

Regular gasoline

Gun policy and public safety

Massachusetts and U.S. context

Population-adjusted measure

How it was measured

Social Security, Medicare, and retirement

Beneficiaries by grouped benefit type

How it was measured

Immigration and border policy

Massachusetts and U.S. context

How it was measured

Population

Voting, democracy, and government accountability

2024 turnout comparison

Official participation totals

How it was measured

Abortion and reproductive rights

By reported gestational age

Reporting context

How it was measured