THE YELLOWHAMMER STATE

Alabama

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State snapshot

Alabama facts

Explore dated, statewide figures across taxes and the economy, housing, public safety, health, education, and other civic topics.

Explore Alabama individual facts and compare every state →

14 topic facts + fiscal overview + 9 state trends + 101 reviewed government links

Public money

How Alabama funds state services

The enacted FY2027 State General Fund and Education Trust Fund appropriations, FY2025 audited State tax revenue, current tax rates, and direct appropriations by service area. Each section preserves its own period and accounting scope; budget authority, audited activity, and locally imposed taxes are not treated as interchangeable.

Enacted budget plan

$14.2BFY2027

Acts 2026-380 and 2026-383

FY2027 enacted SGF + ETF appropriations

October 1, 2026–September 30, 2027

Exact reported total: $14,216,565,390

Direct annual appropriations reported in Alabama's enacted comparison tables: $10.479 billion from the Education Trust Fund, including separately enacted State-related and private-school appropriations, and $3.737 billion in State General Fund appropriations, including the listed non-State agency appropriation. The total excludes earmarked, federal, and local funds shown beside the General Fund bill, separate supplemental measures, and conditional appropriations that have not been released.

Alabama Department of Finance, Executive Budget Office: FY2027 Enacted State General Fund and Education Trust Fund Appropriations

FY2027

How the enacted budget is financed

$14.2B$14,216,565,390

Education Trust Fund$10.5B · 73.7%

The enacted Education Trust Fund grand total, including the separately enacted State-related and private-school items listed in the official comparison table.

State General Fund$3.7B · 26.3%

The enacted direct General Fund appropriations total, including transfers, departmental receipts, and the listed non-State agency appropriation but excluding unreleased conditional appropriations.

FY2025 ACFR actual

Where State tax revenue comes from

$15.3B$15,307,526,000

Shares of the $15.308 billion in taxes reported as general revenue for Alabama's primary government. The property-tax line is State revenue; county, municipal, and school property taxes retained locally are outside this denominator.

Income taxes$7.6B · 49.8%

Individual and corporate income taxes combined in the government-wide Statement of Activities.

Sales and use taxes$4.3B · 28.1%

State sales-and-use-tax revenue; locally imposed sales taxes are outside this primary-government line.

Motor-fuels taxes$1.0B · 6.6%

State motor-fuels-tax revenue reported separately in the ACFR.

Insurance-premium tax$712.7M · 4.7%

State insurance-premium-tax revenue recognized by the primary government.

Utility taxes$652.2M · 4.3%

State utility-tax revenue reported in the government-wide statement.

State property tax$594.3M · 3.9%

State property-tax revenue; local ad valorem levies are excluded.

Liquor taxes$280.5M · 1.8%

State liquor-tax revenue, including the business-type share reported by the ACFR.

Tobacco and cigarette taxes$123.4M · 0.8%

State tobacco-and-cigarette-tax revenue reported separately in the ACFR.

FY2027 enacted SGF + ETF

FY2027 direct appropriations by service area

$14.2B$14,216,565,390

The Education Trust Fund follows the official K–12, higher-education, and other split. FactVote groups the largest General Fund health, human-services, public-safety, correctional, and court agencies and uses an exact residual for the remaining direct General Fund appropriations.

Elementary and secondary education$7.1B · 50.0%

The enacted Education Trust Fund comparison table's K–12 split.

Higher education$2.7B · 19.1%

The enacted Education Trust Fund comparison table's higher-education split.

Medicaid, health, and human services$1.8B · 12.5%

Direct General Fund appropriations for Medicaid, Mental Health, Public Health, Human Resources, and Senior Services.

Public safety, corrections, and courts$1.5B · 10.5%

Direct General Fund appropriations for the judicial branch and the largest corrections, law-enforcement, prosecution, forensic, parole, emergency-management, and youth-services agencies and obligations.

Other Education Trust Fund programs$656.2M · 4.6%

The official ETF Other split, covering education-related administration, workforce, cultural, and supporting programs outside the K–12 and higher-education groupings.

Other General Fund services and transfers$471.9M · 3.3%

The exact residual for the legislature, general administration, agriculture, commerce, environment, tourism, veterans, elections, debt service, transfers, and other direct General Fund appropriations.

Tax structure

Common statewide rates

Property and district rates can be local. Each card states the applicable scope.

Individual income tax

2%–5%Alabama has graduated individual-income-tax rates of 2%, 4%, and 5%, with bracket thresholds that differ for joint and other filing statuses.Alabama Department of Revenue: Individual Income Tax — Filing Information and Rates

Sales and use tax

4% State + localThe general State sales-and-use-tax rate is 4%; the State food-and-grocery rate is 2%. County and municipal rates apply in addition and vary by location.Alabama Department of Revenue: Sales and Use Tax Rates

Corporate income tax

6.5%Alabama's corporate income tax rate is 6.5% of Alabama taxable income.Alabama Department of Revenue: Corporate Income Filing Requirements

Property tax

6.5 State mills + localThe State ad valorem rate is 6.5 mills, with additional county and municipal millage. Owner-occupied residential and agricultural property is generally assessed at 10% of market value before millage is applied.Alabama Department of Revenue: Property (Ad Valorem) Tax — Rates and Assessment Classes

Latest audited results

Fiscal year ended September 30, 2025

Government-wide activity for Alabama's primary government on the accrual basis. Revenue combines charges for services, operating and capital grants, taxes, investment earnings, unrestricted grants, and miscellaneous revenue; transfers cancel at the primary-government level.

Alabama Department of Finance, State Comptroller's Office: State of Alabama 2025 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report

Government-wide revenue: $36.0B
Government-wide expenses: $35.0B

Method, scope, and limitations

FactVote combined the final enacted direct appropriations in Alabama's State General Fund and Education Trust Fund measures without adding the bills' overlapping or separately scoped earmarked, federal, and local columns. The ETF service split comes directly from the enacted comparison table; selected General Fund agencies are grouped by purpose and an exact residual preserves reconciliation. FY2025 taxes and audited activity come from the government-wide ACFR, and current rates come from the Department of Revenue.

The $14.217 billion headline is the sum of direct State General Fund and Education Trust Fund appropriations, not an all-funds Alabama budget. It excludes the General Fund bill's separately presented earmarked, federal, and local funds.
Unreleased conditional appropriations and separate supplemental or trust-fund bills are outside the headline total.
FactVote's General Fund service groupings combine selected agencies; the exact residual retains all remaining direct appropriations and transfers so the section reconciles.
Local sales and property tax burdens vary substantially. The State rates and assessment ratios shown here do not by themselves determine a household's combined local rate.

Last verified August 28, 2026 · Review by August 31, 2027 · Alabama figures refresh annually.

Taxes and the economy

Taxes, government spending, jobs, wages, and small business.

Taxes and economy

$63,999

Median household income

2020–2024 estimate

Median money income received by Alabama households, expressed in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

Income is not take-home pay and does not directly measure taxes, wealth, prices, or purchasing power.
A statewide median obscures regional and household differences.

Related state trends

Taxes and economy over time

Employment and unemployment place the latest economic facts in a longer statewide context.

Work

Employment and unemployment

3.0%unemployed

The unemployment rate is paired with employed Alabama residents indexed to 2015, so job recovery and labor-market slack remain readable on separate scales.

Unemployment rate
Employed people

Unemployment rate: 3.0%
Employed people: 2.3M
Employment since 2015: +12.2%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Unemployment rate

Alabama: 3.0%
U.S. benchmark: 4.0%
State rank #1 has the highest unemployment rate — worse: #40 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via FRED: National unemployment rate

View chart data

Year	Unemployment rate	Employed people	Employment index
2015	6.1%	2,040,087	100.0
2016	5.8%	2,069,474	101.4
2017	4.5%	2,107,659	103.3
2018	3.9%	2,148,823	105.3
2019	3.2%	2,191,967	107.4
2020	6.4%	2,113,768	103.6
2021	3.4%	2,175,859	106.7
2022	2.5%	2,220,074	108.8
2023	2.5%	2,257,847	110.7
2024	3.0%	2,289,120	112.2

Method and limitations

FactVote uses BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics annual averages for the statewide unemployment rate and civilian employment. The chart converts employment to an index with 2015 equal to 100; the data table retains the published employment level.

LAUS estimates are revised each year through the program's annual processing cycle.
Employment is residence-based civilian employment, not a count of jobs located in the state.
Annual averages smooth within-year changes.

Housing and property costs

Housing supply, affordability, renters, zoning, and property costs.

Housing

$1,007/month

Median gross rent

2020–2024 estimate

Median monthly gross rent for renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent, including contract rent plus estimated average utility and fuel costs paid by the renter.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate and expressed in 2024 dollars.

Keep in mind

This is a multi-year statewide estimate, not a current asking-rent measure.
The median obscures differences by location, unit size, housing quality, and renter circumstances.

Related state trends

Housing over time

Home values and household income show how Alabama housing costs and purchasing power have changed together.

Housing pressure

Home prices versus income growth

+81.2%home prices

FHFA house prices and BEA personal income per person are indexed to the same starting year. A widening gap signals that home prices are rising faster than this broad income measure.

FHFA home prices
Income per person

Home-price growth: +81.2%
Income growth: +54.2%
Income per person: $59,677

U.S. comparison & state rank2025

Home-price growth

Alabama: +81.2%
U.S. benchmark: +86.6%
State rank #1 has the fastest home-price growth — depends on perspective: #31 of 50

Income growth

Alabama: +54.2%
U.S. benchmark: +55.9%
State rank #1 has the fastest income growth — better: #25 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.Federal Housing Finance Agency: U.S. House Price Index U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis via FRED: U.S. personal income per capita

View chart data

Year	FHFA HPI	Home-price index	Income per person	Income index
2016	235.01	100.0	$38,704	100.0
2017	241.64	102.8	$39,968	103.3
2018	250.37	106.5	$41,324	106.8
2019	262.26	111.6	$42,998	111.1
2020	276.60	117.7	$45,873	118.5
2021	311.45	132.5	$50,630	130.8
2022	362.40	154.2	$51,690	133.6
2023	386.07	164.3	$54,610	141.1
2024	408.22	173.7	$57,251	147.9
2025	425.80	181.2	$59,677	154.2

Method and limitations

FactVote averages the four quarterly, not-seasonally-adjusted FHFA all-transactions HPI observations for each year. It compares that series with BEA annual per-capita personal income distributed by FRED, then rebases both to 100 in 2016.

This is a pressure indicator, not a home-price-to-income ratio and not a measure of monthly mortgage affordability.
Both series are nominal; neither is adjusted for inflation.
Per-capita personal income includes earnings, property income, and transfers and is not median household income.

Public safety and criminal justice

Policing, crime prevention, sentencing, incarceration, and rehabilitation.

Public safety and justice

380.8 per 100,000

Reported violent-crime rate

2024

Violent offenses reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

FactVote sums the 12 monthly state offense rates returned by the FBI Crime Data Explorer for each calendar year. The accompanying coverage value is the mean of the 12 monthly population-coverage percentages returned with the same query.

Keep in mind

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Alabama's average monthly population coverage was below 90% in 2019, 2020, and 2021, at 65.2%, 71.5%, and 89.0%, respectively. Those years are flagged and should not be treated as directly comparable with the higher-coverage years.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.
Average monthly population coverage in 2024 was 99%; this is not complete statewide reporting.

Public safety and justice

1,642.2 per 100,000

Reported property-crime rate

2024

Property offenses reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

Keep in mind

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Alabama's average monthly population coverage was below 90% in 2019, 2020, and 2021, at 65.2%, 71.5%, and 89.0%, respectively. Those years are flagged and should not be treated as directly comparable with the higher-coverage years.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.
Average monthly population coverage in 2024 was 99%; this is not complete statewide reporting.

Public safety and justice

645

Homicide deaths

2024 final data

Deaths for which homicide was the underlying cause, with the rate age-adjusted per 100,000 residents.

View breakdowns and source

Population-adjusted measure

Age-adjusted homicide death rate: 13.3 per 100,000

How it was measured

CDC National Vital Statistics System death-certificate data.

Keep in mind

Homicide mortality is not the same as offenses reported to police and does not include nonfatal violence.
Counts and rates do not establish causes or the effect of a particular policy.

Related state trends

Public safety and justice over time

Reported violent- and property-crime rates are shown with the coverage cautions needed to compare years responsibly.

Public safety

Reported violent and property crime rates

99.0% coverage

Reported offenses per 100,000 residents in participating jurisdictions. Amber points flag years when average monthly population coverage was below 90%.

Violent crime
Property crime
Partial reporting

Violent crime: 380.8 per 100k
Property crime: 1642.2 per 100k
Population coverage: 99.0%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Violent-crime rate

Alabama: 380.8 per 100k
U.S. benchmark: 359.1 per 100k
State rank #1 has the highest violent-crime rate — worse: #20 of 50

Property-crime rate

Alabama: 1642.2 per 100k
U.S. benchmark: 1760.1 per 100k
State rank #1 has the highest property-crime rate — worse: #30 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.An asterisk marks a state-year with less than 90% average population coverage. The U.S. figures are FBI national estimates; state figures are reported rates.Federal Bureau of Investigation: UCR Summary of Reported Crimes in the Nation, 2024

View chart data

Year	Violent rate	Property rate	Population coverage
2015	471.2 per 100k	2989.4 per 100k	96.6%
2016	528.2 per 100k	2955.4 per 100k	97.9%
2017	516.3 per 100k	2959.8 per 100k	95.1%
2018	519.0 per 100k	2834.1 per 100k	94.4%
2019	255.0 per 100k	1394.6 per 100k	65.2% · partial
2020	278.8 per 100k	1306.8 per 100k	71.5% · partial
2021	338.4 per 100k	1419.4 per 100k	89.0% · partial
2022	399.6 per 100k	1730.7 per 100k	96.3%
2023	404.7 per 100k	1765.1 per 100k	96.7%
2024	380.8 per 100k	1642.2 per 100k	99.0%

Method and limitations

These are crimes reported to law enforcement, not all crimes that occurred.
Alabama's average monthly population coverage was below 90% in 2019, 2020, and 2021, at 65.2%, 71.5%, and 89.0%, respectively. Those years are flagged and should not be treated as directly comparable with the higher-coverage years.
Reporting systems, agency participation, and later revisions can change the published series.

Healthcare

Coverage, prescription costs, Medicaid, and access to care.

Healthcare

10.0%

People under age 65 without health insurance

2024 ACS annual estimate

Share of Alabama’s civilian noninstitutionalized residents under age 65 who lacked comprehensive health-insurance coverage at the time of the ACS survey.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the 2024 American Community Survey 1-year estimate.

Keep in mind

This is a survey estimate and is not the same as current Medicaid enrollment or an administrative coverage count.
Coverage status alone does not measure affordability, provider access, quality, or prescription-drug costs.

Related state trends

Healthcare over time

Health-insurance coverage and life expectancy provide separate views of access and population health over time.

Health coverage

Residents without health insurance

8.2%uninsured

The share of the civilian noninstitutionalized population without health insurance at the time of the American Community Survey interview.

Uninsured rate
90% confidence margin

Uninsured rate: 8.2%
Margin of error: ±0.3 points

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Uninsured rate

Alabama: 8.2%
U.S. benchmark: 8.2%
State rank #1 has the highest uninsured rate — worse: #19 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Census Bureau: HIC-4_ACS health insurance coverage

View chart data

Year	Uninsured rate	90% margin of error
2014	12.1%	±0.4 points
2015	10.1%	±0.3 points
2016	9.1%	±0.3 points
2017	9.4%	±0.3 points
2018	10.0%	±0.3 points
2019	9.7%	±0.3 points
2020	Not released	—
2021	9.9%	±0.4 points
2022	8.8%	±0.3 points
2023	8.5%	±0.3 points
2024	8.2%	±0.3 points

Method and limitations

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's HIC-4_ACS historical table. Rates and 90% confidence margins of error are the published ACS 1-year estimates for the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

The Census Bureau did not release the standard 2020 ACS 1-year estimates because pandemic-era data collection did not meet its quality standards; the chart preserves that gap.
The rate is a survey estimate and the accompanying margin of error should be considered when comparing nearby values.
Coverage is measured at the interview and does not show how long someone was uninsured during the year.

Health outcomes

Life expectancy at birth

73.8 yearsat birth

Period life expectancy at birth based on Alabama's annual complete life tables and final state-specific death data.

Life expectancy at birth

U.S. comparison & state rank2022

Life expectancy

Alabama: 73.8 years
U.S. benchmark: 77.5 years
State rank #1 has the highest life expectancy — better: #44 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.CDC National Center for Health Statistics: U.S. state life tables, 2018–2022

View chart data

Year	Life expectancy at birth
2018	75.1 years
2019	75.2 years
2020	73.2 years
2021	72.0 years
2022	73.8 years

Method and limitations

FactVote uses CDC National Center for Health Statistics annual complete life-table estimates for the total Alabama population. Values are rounded to the published tenth of a year.

The latest published comparable state series ends in 2022, even though newer national life-expectancy estimates may be available.
Period life expectancy summarizes current mortality rates; it is not a forecast of how long a particular person will live.
The 2020 and 2021 estimates reflect the mortality shock during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Education

Public schools, school choice, teachers, and higher education.

Education

88.6%

Adults with at least a high school diploma

2020–2024 estimate

Share of Alabama residents age 25 and older whose reported attainment is a regular high school diploma or equivalent (including GED or an alternative credential), some college, or an associate’s or higher degree.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

This is an adult educational-attainment measure, not a current high-school graduation rate or a measure of school quality.
A statewide estimate can obscure differences across communities and demographic groups.

Related state trends

Education over time

Comparable NAEP assessment years show changes in statewide reading and mathematics performance.

Education

NAEP reading and math scores

213.2Grade 4 reading

Grade 4 and Grade 8 public-school mean scale scores from the Nation's Report Card. Reading and math are shown within each grade on their own panel.

Reading · circle
Math · square

Grade 4 reading: 213.2
Grade 4 math: 236.4
Grade 8 reading: 249.6
Grade 8 math: 261.8

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Grade 4 reading

Alabama: 213.2
U.S. benchmark: 215.0
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #33 of 50

Grade 4 math

Alabama: 236.4
U.S. benchmark: 237.5
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #31 of 50

Grade 8 reading

Alabama: 249.6
U.S. benchmark: 258.0
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #45 of 50

Grade 8 math

Alabama: 261.8
U.S. benchmark: 273.8
State rank #1 has the highest score — better: #48 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.State ranks use public-school results. The U.S. benchmark includes the national public- and nonpublic-school sample.U.S. Department of Education, NCES: NAEP national results

View chart data

Assessment year	Grade 4 reading	Grade 4 math	Grade 8 reading	Grade 8 math
2003	207.1	223.3	253.2	261.9
2005	207.8	225.1	252.0	262.2
2007	216.4	228.5	251.9	266.0
2009	216.3	228.0	254.9	268.5
2011	220.3	231.3	258.4	269.1
2013	218.6	232.9	257.4	269.2
2015	217.0	231.0	258.8	266.6
2017	216.4	232.2	257.7	268.3
2019	211.7	229.7	253.4	268.7
2022	213.3	230.0	250.9	264.4
2024	213.2	236.4	249.6	261.8

Method and limitations

FactVote uses NAEP Data Service mean scale scores for all public-school students in Alabama. The series uses the total student group and the main reading and mathematics composite scales for Grade 4 and Grade 8.

NAEP is generally administered every two years; the 2021 administration was postponed, so the timeline moves from 2019 to 2022.
NAEP results are estimates from a sample. Statistical significance, not a visual gap alone, determines whether scores differ.
Each grade and subject has its own scale. Follow one line over time rather than comparing the numeric distance between grades or subjects.

Environment and energy

Clean water, conservation, climate, and energy production.

Environment

$3.62/gal

Gulf Coast regular gasoline price

Week of August 31, 2026

Estimated average retail price of regular-grade gasoline across all formulations in EIA's Gulf Coast region, including taxes. The region contains Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Texas.

Alabama$3.618/gal

United States$4.071/gal

The Gulf Coast average was $0.453 per gallon lower, or about 11.1% below the U.S. average.

View breakdowns and source

Alabama and U.S. context

Regular gasoline price

Alabama: $3.618/gal
United States: $4.071/gal

The Gulf Coast average was $0.453 per gallon lower, or about 11.1% below the U.S. average.

Both figures are EIA weekly retail estimates for regular gasoline, including taxes, for the week of August 31, 2026. The Alabama-side figure is the Gulf Coast regional average, not an Alabama statewide estimate.U.S. Energy Information Administration: U.S. Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices

Recent EIA observations

Prior week: $3.638/gal
Weekly change: -2.0¢
One year earlier: $2.765/gal
Change from one year earlier: +85.3¢

How it was measured

FactVote uses EIA’s Gulf Coast series, the smallest current EIA retail region that includes Alabama. Changes are calculated from the published August 24, 2026 (prior week), and September 1, 2025 (52 weeks earlier), observations.

Keep in mind

EIA does not publish a current Alabama statewide weekly gasoline-price series. This Gulf Coast regional estimate should not be read as Alabama’s statewide average.
The regional average combines Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Texas, and does not represent the price at every station or in every Alabama community.
Prices are nominal and not adjusted for inflation or seasonal patterns. Weekly estimates can be revised and can differ from monthly averages.
Price changes alone do not establish the effect of any bill, official, or government action.

Related state trends

Environment over time

Alabama electricity generation, residential power prices, and gasoline prices show how the state's energy costs and supply have changed.

Energy

Electricity mix and residential price

15.18¢/kWhresidential average

In-state utility-scale electricity generation by energy source is paired with the annual average residential electricity price on a separate scale.

Natural gas45.2%
Coal14.6%
Nuclear31.1%
Solar0.9%
Hydroelectric5.8%
Wind0.0%
Other2.3%

Residential price: 15.18¢/kWh
Total generation: 142.9 TWh
Largest source: Natural gas · 45.2%

U.S. comparison & state rank2024

Residential electricity price

Alabama: 15.18¢/kWh
U.S. benchmark: 16.48¢/kWh
State rank #1 has the highest electricity price — worse: #20 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Energy Information Administration: National residential electricity price

View chart data

Year	Total generation	Natural gas	Coal	Nuclear	Solar	Hydroelectric	Other	Residential price
2015	152.477 TWh	55.844 TWh	41.410 TWh	41.951 TWh	0.000 TWh	9.862 TWh	3.409 TWh	11.70¢/kWh
2016	142.385 TWh	57.804 TWh	34.258 TWh	39.902 TWh	0.031 TWh	6.985 TWh	3.405 TWh	11.99¢/kWh
2017	139.964 TWh	52.984 TWh	31.440 TWh	42.652 TWh	0.181 TWh	9.237 TWh	3.470 TWh	12.55¢/kWh
2018	145.058 TWh	58.800 TWh	31.778 TWh	39.463 TWh	0.357 TWh	11.143 TWh	3.517 TWh	12.18¢/kWh
2019	142.679 TWh	57.197 TWh	26.655 TWh	43.657 TWh	0.385 TWh	11.405 TWh	3.380 TWh	12.53¢/kWh
2020	137.547 TWh	55.230 TWh	21.730 TWh	43.551 TWh	0.369 TWh	13.349 TWh	3.320 TWh	12.58¢/kWh
2021	142.733 TWh	54.448 TWh	26.901 TWh	46.036 TWh	0.494 TWh	11.521 TWh	3.333 TWh	12.96¢/kWh
2022	144.789 TWh	62.217 TWh	25.944 TWh	42.314 TWh	0.895 TWh	10.188 TWh	3.231 TWh	14.25¢/kWh
2023	139.435 TWh	61.848 TWh	19.182 TWh	45.579 TWh	1.201 TWh	8.430 TWh	3.195 TWh	14.63¢/kWh
2024	142.921 TWh	64.599 TWh	20.936 TWh	44.487 TWh	1.255 TWh	8.357 TWh	3.287 TWh	15.18¢/kWh

Method and limitations

FactVote uses EIA's annual utility-scale net generation series and groups sources into seven categories. The residential price is EIA's annual average revenue per kilowatthour and includes generation, transmission, distribution, taxes, and fees reflected in electric bills.

Generation is electricity produced inside Alabama, not electricity consumed there; interstate imports and exports are not represented.
The consistent utility-scale series excludes estimated generation from small-scale solar systems under 1 megawatt. Hydroelectric combines conventional and pumped-storage net generation; the 'other' category is the residual of remaining reported energy sources.
The residential price is a statewide nominal average and can mask large differences among utilities, plans, and household usage.

Fuel cost

Monthly regular gasoline price

$3.511/galmonthly average

Monthly regular-grade gasoline prices in EIA’s Gulf Coast region show the market trend surrounding Alabama. The regional average includes Alabama.

Regular gasoline · monthly average

Price: $3.511/gal
From prior month: −3.4¢
From one year earlier: +78.3¢

U.S. comparison & state rank2026-07

Regular gasoline

Alabama: $3.511/gal
U.S. benchmark: $3.932/gal
State rank #1 has the highest gasoline price — worse: #44* of 49

* EIA does not publish a current Alabama statewide monthly gasoline-price series; this chart uses a six-state regional average, not a statewide measurement.

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.Gasoline ranks cover states with a published FactVote monthly series. An asterisk marks an EIA regional or metro proxy rather than a statewide measurement.U.S. Energy Information Administration: U.S. regular gasoline prices

View chart data

Month	Regular gasoline price
January 2020	$2.244/gal
February 2020	$2.114/gal
March 2020	$1.952/gal
April 2020	$1.572/gal
May 2020	$1.532/gal
June 2020	$1.752/gal
July 2020	$1.865/gal
August 2020	$1.853/gal
September 2020	$1.855/gal
October 2020	$1.832/gal
November 2020	$1.775/gal
December 2020	$1.885/gal
January 2021	$2.041/gal
February 2021	$2.207/gal
March 2021	$2.547/gal
April 2021	$2.579/gal
May 2021	$2.699/gal
June 2021	$2.740/gal
July 2021	$2.815/gal
August 2021	$2.818/gal
September 2021	$2.822/gal
October 2021	$2.954/gal
November 2021	$3.054/gal
December 2021	$2.943/gal
January 2022	$2.971/gal
February 2022	$3.213/gal
March 2022	$3.918/gal
April 2022	$3.768/gal
May 2022	$4.100/gal
June 2022	$4.574/gal
July 2022	$4.093/gal
August 2022	$3.483/gal
September 2022	$3.158/gal
October 2022	$3.218/gal
November 2022	$3.065/gal
December 2022	$2.715/gal
January 2023	$2.996/gal
February 2023	$3.007/gal
March 2023	$3.043/gal
April 2023	$3.249/gal
May 2023	$3.086/gal
June 2023	$3.127/gal
July 2023	$3.211/gal
August 2023	$3.426/gal
September 2023	$3.378/gal
October 2023	$3.110/gal
November 2023	$2.794/gal
December 2023	$2.648/gal
January 2024	$2.687/gal
February 2024	$2.844/gal
March 2024	$3.042/gal
April 2024	$3.186/gal
May 2024	$3.159/gal
June 2024	$3.001/gal
July 2024	$3.076/gal
August 2024	$2.975/gal
September 2024	$2.760/gal
October 2024	$2.707/gal
November 2024	$2.628/gal
December 2024	$2.601/gal
January 2025	$2.677/gal
February 2025	$2.711/gal
March 2025	$2.683/gal
April 2025	$2.740/gal
May 2025	$2.732/gal
June 2025	$2.747/gal
July 2025	$2.728/gal
August 2025	$2.713/gal
September 2025	$2.732/gal
October 2025	$2.620/gal
November 2025	$2.588/gal
December 2025	$2.474/gal
January 2026	$2.400/gal
February 2026	$2.484/gal
March 2026	$3.272/gal
April 2026	$3.705/gal
May 2026	$3.949/gal
June 2026	$3.545/gal
July 2026	$3.511/gal
August 2026	$3.605/gal

Method and limitations

FactVote uses EIA’s monthly Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices series. Monthly averages are simple averages of the published weekly estimates; prices include taxes.

This regional series covers Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Texas; it is not an Alabama statewide average.
The regional average masks differences among states, communities, and individual stations.
Prices are nominal and not adjusted for inflation or seasonal patterns. The monthly series ends in August 2026 and can differ from the weekly fact.
Price changes alone do not establish the effect of any bill, official, or government action.

Gun policy and public safety

Firearm rights, gun-safety rules, and violence prevention.

Gun policy

1,212

Firearm deaths

2024 final data

Deaths in which firearm injury was the underlying cause, with the rate age-adjusted per 100,000 residents.

View breakdowns and source

Population-adjusted measure

Age-adjusted firearm death rate: 23.7 per 100,000

How it was measured

CDC National Vital Statistics System death-certificate data.

Keep in mind

The total combines firearm deaths across intents, including suicide, homicide, legal intervention, and unintentional or undetermined injury.
It does not measure nonfatal injuries, firearm ownership, defensive uses, or policy effects.

Social Security, Medicare, and retirement

Retirement benefits, Medicare, and the long-term financing of these programs.

Immigration and border policy

Border enforcement, legal immigration, and pathways to citizenship.

Immigration

4.0%

Residents who are foreign-born

2020–2024 estimate

Share of Alabama residents who were not U.S. citizens at birth, including naturalized citizens, lawful noncitizens, and people without lawful status.

View breakdowns and source

How it was measured

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Keep in mind

Foreign-born is not a measure of unauthorized immigration or current border crossings.
The Census does not assign legal status in this measure.

Related state trends

Immigration over time

Population change is separated into natural change, domestic migration, and international migration.

People

Population growth and migration

5.2Mresidents

July 1 population estimates alongside the annual changes attributable to births minus deaths, domestic migration, and international migration.

Population
Births minus deaths
Domestic migration
International migration

Births minus deaths: −2.2K
Domestic migration: +23.4K
International migration: +8.9K

U.S. comparison & state rank2025

Population

Alabama: 5,193,088
U.S. total: 341,784,857
State rank #1 is most populous — not a performance ranking: #24 of 50

Ranks sort the measured value from highest to lowest. Each State rank explains what #1 means for that fact.U.S. Census Bureau: Vintage 2025 national population estimates

View chart data

Year	Population	Natural change	Domestic migration	International migration	Residual
2020	5,032,962	—	—	—	—
2021	5,050,058	-11,810	25,795	1,808	1,303
2022	5,076,868	-9,012	27,718	8,391	-287
2023	5,117,850	-1,471	29,774	12,621	58
2024	5,163,055	-1,860	24,953	22,102	10
2025	5,193,088	-2,188	23,358	8,946	-83

Method and limitations

FactVote uses the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 consistent state series. Population is the July 1 estimate. Change components describe the preceding annual estimates period, and the Census residual adjustment reconciles the components to the published population change.

Vintage estimates are revised as the Census Bureau incorporates newer records and methods.
Domestic and international migration are modeled demographic estimates, not direct counts of every move.
The small residual adjustment is included in the data table but not drawn as a separate bar.

Voting, democracy, and government accountability

Voting access, election administration, ethics, transparency, and corruption.

Democracy and accountability

58.85%

Registered-voter turnout

November 5, 2024 general election

Total ballots cast in Alabama's 2024 general election divided by registered voters.

View breakdowns and source

2024 turnout comparison

General election turnout: 58.85%
Primary election turnoutMarch 5, 2024 primary election: 21.12%

Both percentages are the official statewide turnout figures based on total ballots cast and registered voters.

Registered-voter turnout is not the same as turnout among all voting-age or voting-eligible residents.
The registered-voter totals differ between elections and reflect the rolls reported for each election.

Alabama Secretary of State: March 5, 2024 Primary Election — Official Total Ballots Cast Review by January 31, 2027

How it was measured

The Alabama Secretary of State reports 2,272,911 ballots cast, 3,861,929 registered voters, and 58.85% turnout. The primary reports 796,009 ballots, 3,769,372 registered voters, and 21.12% turnout.

Keep in mind

Registered-voter turnout is not the same as turnout among all voting-age or voting-eligible residents.
Turnout does not by itself measure election access, administration quality, confidence, or the effect of a specific rule.

Abortion and reproductive rights

Access to abortion and reproductive healthcare.

Reproductive rights

2,970

Reported induced terminations among Alabama residents

2024

Induced terminations reported for Alabama residents that occurred in Alabama or in another state that reported the event back to Alabama.

View breakdowns and source

Age context

Residents under age 18: 59

How it was measured

Alabama Department of Public Health vital-statistics reporting from Alabama certificates and reports received from participating states.

Keep in mind

The resident total is incomplete because not every state, including some neighboring states, reports induced terminations back to Alabama.
The count does not establish the effect of a law or candidate position and should not be treated as a complete measure of resident abortion incidence.

Facts are shown for context only and do not affect candidate matching or rankings. Dates, definitions, limitations, and primary sources are included with each figure.

State trends

How Alabama is changing

Nine trend views cover population, work, housing, public safety, education, health coverage, longevity, gasoline prices, and energy. Gasoline uses an explicitly labeled regional average; other charts use Alabama statewide measures. Each chart now sits directly beneath its related fact section.

Alabama

FY2027 enacted SGF + ETF appropriations

Fiscal year ended September 30, 2025

Taxes and the economy

How it was measured

Unemployment rate

Housing and property costs

How it was measured

Home-price growth

Income growth

Public safety and criminal justice

How it was measured

How it was measured

Population-adjusted measure

How it was measured

Violent-crime rate

Property-crime rate

Healthcare

How it was measured

Uninsured rate

Life expectancy

Education

How it was measured

Grade 4 reading

Grade 4 math

Grade 8 reading

Grade 8 math

Environment and energy

Selected generation shares

How it was measured

Alabama and U.S. context

Recent EIA observations

How it was measured

Residential electricity price

Regular gasoline

Gun policy and public safety

Population-adjusted measure

How it was measured

Social Security, Medicare, and retirement

Beneficiaries by grouped benefit type

How it was measured

Immigration and border policy

How it was measured

Population

Voting, democracy, and government accountability

2024 turnout comparison

How it was measured

Abortion and reproductive rights

Age context

How it was measured