South Dakota · individual fact

South Dakota income and taxes

Household income, income per person, purchasing power, and South Dakota’s tax structure.

Median household income$75.08K2020–2024 · #30 of 50 · highest first
Per-capita money income$40.55K2020–2024 · #37 of 50 · highest first
Real personal income per person$69.15K2024 · #4 of 50 · highest first

South Dakota over time

Explore South Dakota readings, major events and reviewed actions on the same date scale. South Dakota officeholders appear in separate lanes. National event evidence describes national context; it does not measure a South Dakota effect.

Major events & context · A curated selection, including uncertain effects. Milestone dates do not establish that an event caused a South Dakota change.

Enacted / issuedDid not proceedPending / in progressStatus unclear

Colors show the latest recorded status. Passing one chamber is not enactment. A number groups actions with the same date, body and status.

Real personal income per person South Dakota · source units
South DakotaPublished U.S. benchmark

Move across the chart to inspect the nearest observation. Click or tap to keep a reading selected, or focus the chart and use the arrow keys. Hover over or focus a marker to explore; click or tap to pin. Press Escape to clear.

Real personal income per person2024: $69,153$45K$58.76K$72.53KSouth Dakota, 2014: $53,918South Dakota, 2015: $56,644South Dakota, 2016: $56,407South Dakota, 2017: $56,779South Dakota, 2018: $55,531South Dakota, 2019: $57,354South Dakota, 2020: $62,511South Dakota, 2021: $68,551South Dakota, 2022: $68,469South Dakota, 2023: $69,861South Dakota, 2024: $69,153201420192024
✦ Major events & context · 36National context · Katrina emergency tax relief enacted · 2005-09-23Katrina tax reliefNational context · Investment tax rates extended and AMT relief enacted · 2006-05-172006 tax extensionsNational context · First step of the federal minimum-wage increase · 2007-07-24Wage floor risesNational context · Economic Stimulus Act authorizes tax rebates · 2008-02-132008 rebatesNational context · Financial crisis intensifies during the Great Recession · 2008-09-15Financial crisisNational context · Recovery Act expands tax credits and income support · 2009-02-17Recovery ActNational context · Federal minimum wage reaches $7.25 · 2009-07-24Wage floor: $7.25National context · Affordable Care Act establishes health tax credits · 2010-03-23Affordable Care ActNational context · Tax extensions and a temporary payroll-tax cut enacted · 2010-12-17Payroll-tax reliefNational context · New investment-income and Medicare taxes take effect · 2013-01-01New health taxesNational context · Employee Social Security tax returns to 6.2% · 2013-01-01Payroll relief endsNational context · American Taxpayer Relief Act resolves tax expirations · 2013-01-02Fiscal-cliff tax dealNational context · IRS recognizes lawful same-sex marriages for federal taxes · 2013-08-29Marriage tax rulesSouth Dakota · Federal disaster assistance authorized for South Dakota · 2013-11-08South Dakota disaster assistanceNational context · Marketplace premium tax credits begin · 2014-01-01Health credits beginNational context · PATH Act makes key tax-credit expansions permanent · 2015-12-18PATH tax creditsNational context · 2017 tax law changes individual and business taxes · 2017-12-222017 tax lawNational context · SECURE Act changes retirement saving and withdrawals · 2019-12-20SECURE retirement lawNational context · Families First Act authorizes emergency leave and food aid · 2020-03-18Emergency leave aidNational context · CARES Act expands pandemic income support · 2020-03-27CARES reliefNational context · First pandemic employment report shows job losses · 2020-04-03Pandemic job lossesNational context · Second-round rebates and unemployment relief enacted · 2020-12-27More pandemic reliefNational context · American Rescue Plan expands credits and benefits · 2021-03-11American Rescue PlanNational context · Advance child tax credit payments begin · 2021-07-15Monthly child creditNational context · Federal pandemic unemployment programs reach their cutoff · 2021-09-06Pandemic UI endsNational context · Temporary family-credit expansions end for tax year 2022 · 2022-01-01Credit expansions endNational context · Inflation outpaces average hourly pay growth · 2022-07-13Real earnings fallNational context · Inflation Reduction Act changes corporate and energy taxes · 2022-08-16IRA tax changesNational context · Social Security announces an 8.7% cost-of-living increase · 2022-10-13Social Security COLANational context · SECURE 2.0 revises retirement tax rules · 2022-12-29SECURE 2.0National context · SNAP emergency allotments end nationwide · 2023-03-01Emergency food aid endsNational context · Social Security Fairness Act repeals WEP and GPO · 2025-01-05Social Security fairnessNational context · 2025 reconciliation law extends and changes tax provisions · 2025-07-042025 tax lawNational context · Marketplace credit enhancements expire and repayment rules change · 2026-01-01Health credit changesNational context · First filing season under the 2025 tax changes opens · 2026-01-26New deductions filingNational context · New child savings accounts become eligible for funding · 2026-07-04Child savings funding● South Dakota Legislature · 1● U.S. Congress · South Dakota delegation · 1◆ Governor · 0No reviewed actions match these filters.■ South Dakota agencies · 0No reviewed actions match these filters.2005-09-012026-07-31

2 of 2 reviewed South Dakota actions match · 2 date markers shown. 36 major events shown separately.

South Dakota · 2024: $69,153 · Rank #4 of 50, highest first · U.S. benchmark: $59,195

BEA personal income per person adjusted for regional price parities and the national PCE price index. Constant 2017 dollars. A BEA measure, distinct from ACS per-capita money income. Annual observations use December 31; monthly observations use the first of the month. Lines connect consecutive readings and do not supply values between them. Missing observations break the lines.

View observations and export data
South Dakota Real personal income per person · source units
PeriodSouth DakotaRankU.S. benchmark
2024$69,153#4 of 50$59,195
2023$69,861#3 of 50$58,088
2022$68,469#4 of 50$57,104
2021$68,551#4 of 50$59,365
2020$62,511#5 of 50$56,514
2019$57,354#9 of 50$53,683
2018$55,531#9 of 50$52,242
2017$56,779#5 of 50$51,006
2016$56,407#4 of 50$49,828
2015$56,644#5 of 50$49,396
2014$53,918#7 of 50$47,661
How major events are selected

The timeline combines the corresponding national fact’s reviewed event catalog, labeled National context, with individually reviewed state milestones. State events use primary sources and distinguish signing, effective and filing dates. Each milestone keeps its source-check date, geographical limits and evidence limits. This curated selection is not a complete history.

Date ranges affect events and actions. Action type, status and official-name search affect government records only. Events remain separate from action counts. An event after the latest observation extends context without creating a new reading.

South Dakota · state comparison

Household resources

Compare the ACS five-year estimates using the same population and dollar period.

South Dakota · 2020–2024$75,081
South Dakota rank#30among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark$80,734Same measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Median household income

Median before-tax income received by households; half are above and half below.

2024 dollars. ACS sampling error means nearby ranks may not be statistically distinguishable.

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. South Dakota stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. South Dakota has a dark outline.

Lower value · $56.45KHigher value · $103.96KStriped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

South Dakota · $75,0812020–2024 · Rank #30 of 50, highest first90% confidence interval: $74,193 – $75,969Selected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare South Dakota with every state · 50 ranked
Median household income · 2020–2024 · highest value ranked #1
RankStateValueComparison notes
#1Massachusetts$103,96090% CI: 103433–104487
#2Maryland$103,67890% CI: 103081–104275
#3New Jersey$103,55690% CI: 103043–104069
#4Hawaii$100,38990% CI: 99268–101510
#5California$99,12290% CI: 98812–99432
#6New Hampshire$99,03190% CI: 97908–100154
#7Washington$98,14190% CI: 97727–98555
#8Connecticut$95,78190% CI: 95049–96513
#9Colorado$95,47090% CI: 94892–96048
#10Utah$95,16690% CI: 94392–95940
#11Virginia$93,17090% CI: 92712–93628
#12Alaska$92,78890% CI: 91556–94020
#13Minnesota$89,06290% CI: 88653–89471
#14Rhode Island$87,79690% CI: 86587–89005
#15New York$85,97490% CI: 85572–86376
#16Delaware$84,95490% CI: 83703–86205
#17Illinois$83,39090% CI: 83028–83752
#18Oregon$83,01190% CI: 82438–83584
#19Vermont$81,20390% CI: 79864–82542
#20Arizona$79,96490% CI: 79557–80371
#21Texas$78,47690% CI: 78213–78739
#22Nevada$78,26090% CI: 77664–78856
#23Pennsylvania$77,97190% CI: 77629–78313
#24Idaho$77,80090% CI: 77057–78543
#25Wisconsin$77,48590% CI: 77030–77940
#26Georgia$77,35390% CI: 76946–77760
#27North Dakota$76,65790% CI: 75494–77820
#28Nebraska$76,47590% CI: 75842–77108
#29Wyoming$76,17690% CI: 75008–77344
#30South Dakota · your comparison$75,08190% CI: 74193–75969
#31Iowa$75,05990% CI: 74641–75477
#32Maine$74,73390% CI: 73938–75528
#33Florida$74,56890% CI: 74284–74852
#34Kansas$74,27590% CI: 73800–74750
#35Michigan$72,87590% CI: 72582–73168
#36Montana$72,50990% CI: 71748–73270
#37North Carolina$72,38890% CI: 72064–72712
#38Indiana$71,95790% CI: 71605–72309
#39Ohio$71,38990% CI: 71068–71710
#40Missouri$70,70290% CI: 70377–71027
#41Tennessee$69,59590% CI: 69166–70024
#42South Carolina$69,32490% CI: 68754–69894
#43Oklahoma$65,03990% CI: 64600–65478
#44New Mexico$64,05990% CI: 63251–64867
#45Alabama$63,99990% CI: 63600–64398
#46Kentucky$63,72690% CI: 63297–64155
#47Arkansas$60,77390% CI: 60306–61240
#48Louisiana$60,75690% CI: 60348–61164
#49West Virginia$59,60890% CI: 58917–60299
#50Mississippi$56,44790% CI: 55908–56986

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

Median household income

$75,0812020–2024 estimate

Median money income received by South Dakota households, expressed in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars.

This source snapshot keeps its own definition and period. A rank shown elsewhere applies only to that comparison’s measure and period.

Method and limitations

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

  • Income is not take-home pay and does not directly measure taxes, wealth, prices, or purchasing power.
  • A statewide median obscures regional and household differences.
South Dakota · state comparison

Is income keeping up with prices?

Real income adjusts for price levels and inflation. Disposable income subtracts personal current taxes but does not subtract household living expenses.

South Dakota · 2024$69,153
South Dakota rank#4among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark$59,195Same measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Real personal income per person

BEA personal income per person adjusted for regional price parities and the national PCE price index.

Constant 2017 dollars. A BEA measure, distinct from ACS per-capita money income.

Hover to inspect. Click or tap to compare that period with every state. Focus the graph and use arrow keys, Home or End to select a period. Press Escape to return to the latest period.

South Dakota
Real personal income per person history in South Dakota$44.33K$58.76K$73.19K20142024
2024 · South Dakota: $69,153 · Rank #4 of 50, highest first · U.S. benchmark: $59,195 · Selected for state comparison
View history and select a period
South Dakota Real personal income per person history
PeriodSouth DakotaCompare
2014$53,918
2015$56,644
2016$56,407
2017$56,779
2018$55,531
2019$57,354
2020$62,511
2021$68,551
2022$68,469
2023$69,861
2024$69,153

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. South Dakota stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. South Dakota has a dark outline.

Lower value · $48.47KHigher value · $75.5KStriped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

South Dakota · $69,1532024 · Rank #4 of 50, highest firstSelected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare South Dakota with every state · 50 ranked
Real personal income per person · 2024 · highest value ranked #1
RankStateValueComparison notes
#1Wyoming$75,501—
#2Connecticut$74,254—
#3Massachusetts$71,629—
#4South Dakota · your comparison$69,153—
#5Nebraska$65,297—
#6North Dakota$65,271—
#7Colorado$65,223—
#8New Hampshire$64,632—
#9Washington$64,421—
#10New York$64,153—
#11New Jersey$63,142—
#12California$63,028—
#13Minnesota$62,039—
#14Virginia$61,914—
#15Maryland$61,111—
#16Illinois$60,333—
#17Alaska$60,272—
#18Iowa$60,144—
#19Montana$59,203—
#20Kansas$59,172—
#21Vermont$58,893—
#22Oklahoma$58,692—
#23Pennsylvania$58,620—
#24Tennessee$58,582—
#25Wisconsin$58,273—
#26Texas$58,219—
#27Missouri$57,850—
#28Maine$57,480—
#29Florida$57,131—
#30Louisiana$56,789—
#31Nevada$56,503—
#32North Carolina$56,310—
#33Ohio$56,232—
#34Rhode Island$55,878—
#35Indiana$55,562—
#36Oregon$55,451—
#37Arkansas$55,219—
#38Delaware$55,185—
#39Utah$55,116—
#40Michigan$53,569—
#41Georgia$52,952—
#42Arizona$52,890—
#43Idaho$52,816—
#44South Carolina$52,463—
#45Kentucky$52,290—
#46Hawaii$52,272—
#47Alabama$52,216—
#48New Mexico$51,121—
#49West Virginia$50,051—
#50Mississippi$48,465—

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

South Dakota · state comparison

How South Dakota raises taxes

South Dakota does not impose a State individual income tax. Revenue comparisons rank dollars collected, not statutory tax rates or a particular household’s tax burden.

South Dakota · FY2024$0
South Dakota rank#45among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark$479.63BSame measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Personal income-tax collections

Revenue collected under the Census tax classification. Missing item codes in the complete state-level file mean no reported amount.

State governments only, Census level 2; amounts converted from thousands to dollars. Fiscal-year ending dates differ among states. Larger collections reflect population, income, tax bases, and rates; they are not inherently better.

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. South Dakota stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. South Dakota has a dark outline.

Lower value · $0Higher value · $123.1BStriped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

South Dakota · $0FY2024 · Rank #45 of 50, highest firstSelected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare South Dakota with every state · 50 ranked
Personal income-tax collections · FY2024 · highest value ranked #1
RankStateValueComparison notes
#1California$123.1B—
#2New York$53.84B—
#3Illinois$22.63B—
#4Massachusetts$22.13B—
#5New Jersey$18.88B—
#6Virginia$17.64B—
#7Pennsylvania$17.08B—
#8North Carolina$16.66B—
#9Georgia$16.02B—
#10Minnesota$13.27B—
#11Michigan$11.56B—
#12Maryland$10.65B—
#13Connecticut$10.03B—
#14Ohio$10.02B—
#15Oregon$9.54B—
#16Wisconsin$9.49B—
#17Indiana$8.1B—
#18Missouri$7.75B—
#19Colorado$7.52B—
#20South Carolina$6.15B—
#21Utah$5.72B—
#22Alabama$5.28B—
#23Kentucky$5.02B—
#24Louisiana$4.88B—
#25Arizona$4.81B—
#26Oklahoma$4.51B—
#27Kansas$4.5B—
#28Iowa$3.76B—
#29Hawaii$3.28B—
#30Idaho$2.89B—
#31Arkansas$2.76B—
#32Delaware$2.53B—
#33Nebraska$2.48B—
#34Maine$2.4B—
#35Mississippi$2.33B—
#36West Virginia$2.27B—
#37Montana$2.25B—
#38New Mexico$2.17B—
#39Rhode Island$1.59B—
#40Vermont$1.24B—
#41North Dakota$356.48M—
#42Washington$350.45M—
#43New Hampshire$183.36M—
#44Tennessee$2.12M—
#45Alaska$0—
#45Florida$0—
#45Nevada$0—
#45South Dakota · your comparison$0—
#45Texas$0—
#45Wyoming$0—

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

Property tax

Local levy varies

South Dakota does not collect or spend property-tax revenue at the State level. Local rates are calculated from each taxing jurisdiction's funding request and taxable property value and are expressed in dollars per $1,000.

How federal income taxes work

A marginal rate applies only to taxable income within its band. Moving into a higher bracket does not apply that rate to all your income.

Base standard deduction

$16,100

Tax year 2026 · Single

Marginal versus effective rate

The bracket table applies to ordinary taxable income after deductions, not to gross wages or Census household income.

2026 ordinary taxable-income bands · Single
Marginal rateTaxable income in this band
10%Up to $12,400
12%Over $12,400 through $50,400
22%Over $50,400 through $105,700
24%Over $105,700 through $201,775
32%Over $201,775 through $256,225
35%Over $256,225 through $640,600
37%Over $640,600

Selected filing statuses only. Rates exclude preferential capital-gain rules, credits, alternative minimum tax, payroll taxes and state/local taxes. The base deduction does not include extra amounts for age, blindness or other eligibility. Tax year 2026 returns are generally filed in 2027.

IRS · Tax schedules and deductions ↗

Who pays what share of income taxes?

Compare income groups’ shares of federal individual income tax. These groups divide tax returns by adjusted gross income (AGI), with no overlap.

Tax year 2023 · IRS estimates · Returns excluding dependents. Latest available in this IRS release: 2023. The 2026 tax schedules above describe a different year.

$2.14 trillion total individual income tax153.1 million tax returns
Income groups ranked from lowest to highest AGI · 2023 dollars
Income group Approximate AGI range Share of income Share of income tax Average tax rate
Bottom 50%50.0% of returnsBelow $53,80112.3%3.3%3.7%
50th–75th percentile25.0% of returns$53,801 to under $105,60419.2%10.4%7.7%
75th–90th percentile15.0% of returns$105,604 to under $187,60820.9%15.8%10.6%
90th–95th percentile5.0% of returns$187,608 to under $272,20911.2%11.2%14.2%
95th–99th percentile4.0% of returns$272,209 to under $675,60215.8%20.9%18.7%
Top 1%1.0% of returns$675,602 and above20.6%38.4%26.3%

Blue bars show tax shares; gray bars show income shares. Both use a 0–100% scale. Each share column totals approximately 100% after rounding. The bottom group includes zero and negative AGI.

What is included, and how are the groups calculated?

IRS total income tax includes income tax after specified credits, limited to zero, plus net investment income tax and tax on accumulation distributions of trusts. Refundable portions of credits are excluded. This is tax liability, not withholding, refunds received or all government revenue. Payroll, corporate, estate, excise, and state/local taxes are outside this measure. Paying little federal income tax does not mean paying no taxes.

FactVote subtracts adjacent IRS cumulative totals to form the separate groups. For example, the 95th–99th percentile equals the top 5% minus the top 1%. Average rates are then calculated from each group’s tax and AGI, rather than subtracting the published average rates. Historical groups contain different returns over time. Figures are sample estimates and rounded source amounts can introduce small differences.

IRS Statistics of Income, Table 4.1 · Published March 2026 · Checked 2026-09-14. Download IRS source table ↗ · IRS methods and releases ↗

Who pays corporate income taxes?

Compare federal corporate income tax after credits across company-size groups. IRS groups these returns by annual business receipts, not by household income or profit.

Tax year 2022 · Active corporation returns excluding S corporations, real estate investment trusts (REITs), and regulated investment companies (RICs). Latest available in this IRS table: 2022.

$448.50B corporate income tax after credits in this table1.56 million estimated returns
Corporate tax by annual business receipts · 2022 dollars
Company-size group Share of returns Share of business receipts Income tax after credits Share of corporate income tax
Under $100,00044.6%0.1%$5.93B1.3%
$100,000–under $1 million32.9%0.6%$2.31B0.5%
$1 million–under $10 million17.6%2.9%$8.78B2.0%
$10 million–under $100 million3.9%5.6%$21.87B4.9%
$100 million–under $1 billion0.8%10.9%$40.78B9.1%
$1 billion and above0.2%80.0%$368.84B82.2%

All six groups are separate. Blue bars show tax shares; gray bars show receipts shares, both on a 0–100% scale. Shares sum to approximately 100% after rounding. The smallest group includes zero receipts and receipts not reported.

How this differs from the individual income-tax breakdown

The individual section groups returns by adjusted gross income. This section groups corporate returns by business receipts; neither the income concepts nor the tax totals are interchangeable. No effective tax rate is calculated by dividing corporate tax by sales.

S corporations generally pass income through to owners and are excluded here, as are REITs and RICs. Their exclusion does not mean their owners pay no tax. This section therefore describes the IRS table’s covered corporations rather than every business or every dollar of corporate-tax revenue. It does not estimate how the economic burden is shared among shareholders, workers and customers.

FactVote combines adjacent IRS size bands and sums published amounts; no suppressed values are used. Figures are sample estimates. Returns may use different accounting periods, and company size and nominal dollar values change over time. Small differences from totals reflect source rounding.

IRS Statistics of Income, Publication 16, Table 3.3 · Latest release September 2025 · Checked 2026-09-14. Download 2022 IRS table ↗ · IRS coverage and methods ↗

The broader federal tax burden

Individual income tax is one part of a household’s federal taxes. Compare income, payroll, corporate and excise taxes as a percentage of each group’s income.

Calendar year 2022 · CBO estimates · Latest available in this release: 2022. These household groups use a different income definition from the IRS tax-return groups above.

Average federal tax rates · Percent of income before means-tested transfers and taxes
Income group Individual income Payroll Corporate Excise Combined rate
Lowest fifth−10.1%9.5%0.8%1.3%1.4%
Second fifth−0.9%8.8%0.8%0.8%9.5%
Middle fifth3.1%8.8%0.9%0.6%13.4%
Fourth fifth6.8%9.3%1.0%0.5%17.6%
Highest fifth16.6%6.1%2.9%0.3%25.9%
All households10.6%7.5%2.1%0.4%20.6%

Combined-rate bars share a fixed −30% to +30% scale, centered at zero. Blue = net tax; teal = net payment to households. Negative individual income tax reflects refundable credits. Components may differ from the combined rate by 0.1–0.2 points because CBO rounds each figure separately.

How this comparison is measured

CBO combines tax records and household survey data. Each rate divides the group’s total tax by its total income; it is not a simple average of individual rates. Income includes earnings, investment income and social insurance benefits, including some noncash benefits. The employer share of payroll taxes is attributed to workers. Corporate-tax allocation reflects modeling assumptions, not directly observed household payments.

The four tax types covered 90% of federal revenue in fiscal 2022. Estate and gift taxes, customs duties and other federal sources are outside this comparison, as are state/local taxes. Households with negative income are excluded from the five individual groups but included in “All households.” Do not average the five group rates to calculate the national rate.

CBO · Published 2026-01-21 · Checked 2026-09-14. Report and data ↗ · Methods and tax allocation ↗

Is after-tax income keeping up with prices?

Real disposable income per person tracks average income available for spending or saving after personal taxes, adjusted for inflation. A rise means average purchasing power increased; it does not mean every household is better off.

Real income per person

$52,849

Jul 2026 · Chained 2017 dollars · Annual rate

Change from prior month

+0.3%

Jun 2026 to Jul 2026 · Not an annualized change

Change from a year earlier

+0.2%

Jul 2025 to Jul 2026

Per personchained 2017 dollars

Hover to inspect; click or tap to keep a reading selected. Use the arrow keys to explore, or Escape to clear.

Purchasing power. chained 2017 dollars. Use left and right arrows to explore observations.023,069.446,138.869,208.2Jan 2020Apr 2023Jul 2026

Scroll the chart sideways to see the full timeline.

Jul 2026Per person: 52,849 chained 2017 dollars
View data: Purchasing power
Purchasing power · chained 2017 dollars
PeriodPer person
Jul 202652,849 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 202652,666 chained 2017 dollars
May 202652,517 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 202652,402 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 202652,624 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 202652,694 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 202652,941 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 202552,610 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 202552,667 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 202552,684 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 202552,865 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 202552,829 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 202552,740 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 202552,529 chained 2017 dollars
May 202552,609 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 202553,077 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 202552,794 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 202552,465 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 202552,422 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 202452,376 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 202452,348 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 202452,252 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 202452,159 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 202452,136 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 202452,135 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 202452,192 chained 2017 dollars
May 202452,124 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 202451,946 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 202451,924 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 202451,902 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 202451,878 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 202351,637 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 202351,515 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 202351,302 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 202351,171 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 202351,195 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 202351,166 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 202351,106 chained 2017 dollars
May 202351,085 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 202350,936 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 202350,861 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 202350,594 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 202350,353 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 202249,403 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 202249,210 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 202249,165 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 202249,043 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 202248,912 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 202248,660 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 202248,071 chained 2017 dollars
May 202248,219 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 202248,312 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 202248,344 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 202248,607 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 202248,616 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 202149,845 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 202150,093 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 202150,258 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 202150,266 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 202150,857 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 202150,982 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 202150,671 chained 2017 dollars
May 202150,939 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 202152,450 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 202161,793 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 202150,288 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 202154,791 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 202049,374 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 202049,323 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 202049,907 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 202050,099 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 202049,835 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 202051,838 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 202051,388 chained 2017 dollars
May 202051,575 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 202054,304 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 202047,344 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 202047,961 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 202047,800 chained 2017 dollars

Monthly observations are seasonally adjusted and expressed at an annual rate; $52,849 is not one month’s income. BEA’s measure is broader than cash take-home pay and differs from Census money income and CBO household resources elsewhere on this page. Personal taxes include federal, state and local personal taxes; this is not calculated by subtracting the CBO table from Census income.

BEA via FRED · Updated 2026-08-26 · Checked 2026-09-14. Historical estimates may be revised. Series and data ↗ · Inflation adjustment ↗

Income before and after taxes and benefits

Compare average household resources within each income group: starting income, plus means-tested benefits, minus federal taxes. These are accounting comparisons, not predictions of what incomes would be without those programs.

Calendar year 2022 · Average per household · All amounts in 2022 dollars. Gray = before; blue = after. Both bar columns use the same zero-to-$450,000 scale.

Before + means-tested benefits − federal taxes = after · Rounded CBO estimates
Income group Before + Benefits − Taxes After
Lowest fifth$26,200$19,000$400$44,800
Second fifth$59,100$9,600$5,600$63,100
Middle fifth$94,000$5,600$12,600$87,000
Fourth fifth$143,100$3,000$25,100$121,100
Highest fifth$412,600$1,700$106,700$307,600
All households$143,000$7,900$29,400$121,500

“Before” already includes social insurance, including Social Security and Medicare. “Benefits” adds means-tested programs only, including cash and noncash assistance from federal, state and local governments. The tax column covers federal taxes only. CBO uses PCE inflation adjustment; amounts are rounded to the nearest $100, so the displayed equation can differ by $100–$200. Negative-income households appear in the national total, not the five separate groups.

CBO · Latest year in this release: 2022 · Published 2026-01-21. Report and household income data ↗

Tax credits and measured poverty

A deduction reduces taxable income. A credit reduces tax directly; a refundable credit can also result in a payment when the credit exceeds the tax owed. Census estimates how counting these payments changes the number of people below its Supplemental Poverty Measure threshold.

Original-release estimates: These figures use the thresholds in Census’s September 2025 report. Thresholds were corrected in July 2026; these are not revised credit-effect estimates. Read the revision notice ↗

Refundable tax credits · 2024 · Original September 2025 release
Age group Fewer people below the threshold 90% margin of error
All ages6,768,000±462,000
Under 183,704,000±263,000
Ages 18–642,985,000±224,000
Ages 65+79,000±25,000

Bars start at zero and share a fixed 0–7 million people scale. “All ages” includes the three age groups below it. Refundable credits combine EITC and the refundable Child Tax Credit; the CTC-only estimate overlaps and must not be added to the combined estimate or subtracted to infer an EITC-only effect.

The SPM counts taxes, selected noncash assistance and necessary expenses, with thresholds that vary with housing and location. This differs from the official poverty measure based on pretax money income. The 2023 and 2024 counts also use different population controls, so a difference combines demographic changes and methodological updates. No year-to-year effect is calculated here.

Census CPS ASEC · Table B-7 · Checked 2026-09-14. Source table and uncertainty ↗ · Report and data-vintage notice ↗

Understanding South Dakota income

Median, average and per person

The median describes the middle household. Per-capita income is a population average, including children. BEA personal income also includes sources outside Census money income. These measures answer different questions.

Income, taxes and living costs

Before-tax money income is not take-home pay. Disposable personal income subtracts personal current taxes. Real personal income adjusts for prices. A state income-tax rate does not describe sales taxes, local property taxes, federal taxes or a household’s complete tax burden.

Annual and five-year estimates

The South Dakota ACS comparison pools 2020–2024 and expresses income in 2024 dollars. BEA annual history describes individual calendar years. A difference between the two series is not an income change.

Rankings and uncertainty

#1 means the highest measured value, not the best state. Survey ranks use point estimates; nearby values may not be distinguishable after sampling uncertainty. Larger tax collections can simply reflect a larger population or tax base.

What candidates are saying

Explore statements about income, wages and tax policy from FactVote’s South Dakota candidate profiles. Compare candidates within each recorded race, with each person’s matching statements kept together. These are candidate and campaign statements, not verified outcomes.

9 statements from 4 candidates

2026 South Dakota Governor and Lieutenant Governor — General Election

1 candidate with matching statements · 1 statement

Dan Ahlers

1 statement

Democratic · Governor and Lieutenant Governor · SD

Income & wages

Fight for wages that let hardworking South Dakotans get ahead, not just get by.

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Taxes, economy, workers, agriculture, and affordability

Candidate campaign source

Fight for wages that let hardworking South Dakotans get ahead, not just get by.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Dan Ahlers — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗

2026 South Dakota U.S. House — General Election

2 candidates with matching statements · 5 statements

Marty Jackley

2 statements

Republican · U.S. House · SD

Taxes & tax policy

President Trump endorsed me, and I support his agenda. Secure the border, cut taxes, and put America first. South Dakota sent me to get things done, not to play Washington games.

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Immigration and border policy

Candidate campaign source

President Trump endorsed me, and I support his agenda. Secure the border, cut taxes, and put America first. South Dakota sent me to get things done, not to play Washington games.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 16, 2026

Marty Jackley — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗
View 1 more statement from Marty Jackley
Taxes & tax policy

Cut Taxes

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Supporting the Trump agenda

Candidate campaign source

Cut Taxes

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 16, 2026

Marty Jackley — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗

Democratic · U.S. House · SD

Taxes & tax policy

Opposing federal tax breaks for data centers and ensuring companies, not taxpayers, pay for the infrastructure, energy, and water required.

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Energy, environment, public lands, and utilities

Candidate campaign source

Opposing federal tax breaks for data centers and ensuring companies, not taxpayers, pay for the infrastructure, energy, and water required.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Nicole "Nikki" Gronli — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗
View 2 more statements from Nicole "Nikki" Gronli
Income & wages

Supporting policies that help wages grow and ensure workers benefit from a strong economy.

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Taxes, economy, workers, agriculture, and affordability

Candidate campaign source

Supporting policies that help wages grow and ensure workers benefit from a strong economy.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Nicole "Nikki" Gronli — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗
Taxes & tax policy

Funding nursing homes in the state through Medicare expansion and restoring Medicaid tax credits.

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Health care

Candidate campaign source

Funding nursing homes in the state through Medicare expansion and restoring Medicaid tax credits.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Nicole "Nikki" Gronli — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗

2026 South Dakota U.S. Senate — General Election

1 candidate with matching statements · 3 statements

Brian L. Bengs

3 statements

Independent · U.S. Senate · SD

Taxes & tax policy

Big Money bought the ability to create their preferred tax system that helps the rich get richer at the expense of everyday Americans. It’s long past time for the ultra-rich to pay their fair share once again, like they had to in the 1960s. So-called “fiscally responsible” politicians are lying when…

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Taxes, economy, workers, agriculture, and affordability

Candidate campaign source

Big Money bought the ability to create their preferred tax system that helps the rich get richer at the expense of everyday Americans. It’s long past time for the ultra-rich to pay their fair share once again, like they had to in the 1960s. So-called “fiscally responsible” politicians are lying when they say we must choose between programs benefiting regular people or paying down our national debt. Both are possible. Not only that, but we can actually lower taxes for small businesses and people who work for a living. Specifics are available here: https://substack.com/home/post/p-173472009

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Brian L. Bengs — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗
View 2 more statements from Brian L. Bengs
Taxes & tax policy

Affordable living is the foundation of a stable and productive society. If day-to-day requirements like housing, healthcare, food, and education are unaffordable, working families struggle and the American dream shrinks. That dream is already fading when 50 percent of Americans believe there is litt…

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Health care

Candidate campaign source

Affordable living is the foundation of a stable and productive society. If day-to-day requirements like housing, healthcare, food, and education are unaffordable, working families struggle and the American dream shrinks. That dream is already fading when 50 percent of Americans believe there is little chance young people will have better lives than their parents and 32 percent of regular people do not have any emergency savings. Affordability means people working full-time can live with dignity. Good policies like fair wages, targeted subsidies, and tax credits make a difference. The goal is to restructure our economic system so it delivers for regular people, too, not just Big Money that has engineered the status quo. Specifics are available here: https://substack.com/p/its-all-about-affordability

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Brian L. Bengs — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗
Taxes & tax policy

Roughly 50 percent of our national debt is the result of the four tax cuts since 2000 that overwhelmingly benefited the wealthiest 1 percent. The time for talking and budget gimmicks is over. America’s long-term prosperity and security depend upon restoring fiscal responsibility. Balancing the feder…

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Taxes, economy, workers, agriculture, and affordability

Candidate campaign source

Roughly 50 percent of our national debt is the result of the four tax cuts since 2000 that overwhelmingly benefited the wealthiest 1 percent. The time for talking and budget gimmicks is over. America’s long-term prosperity and security depend upon restoring fiscal responsibility. Balancing the federal budget and paying down the national debt are not just economically prudent actions; they are imperatives. Both conservatives and liberals are guilty of reckless spending without the accountability taxpayers deserve. We must set aside partisan grandstanding and engage in honest budgeting with effects-based investing that strengthens our economy so we don’t pass down a bill to the next generation. To make that happen, members of Congress apparently need repercussions for not doing their job, such as withholding their salary during a government shutdown.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Brian L. Bengs — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗
How statements are selected

This section matches specific income, wages and tax policy terms in retained, attributed source text from published South Dakota candidate profiles. A profile heading or biography alone does not qualify. The Florida geography is fixed; saved state preferences cannot change these results. A mention can concern a community or group rather than Florida’s statewide measure.

Matching is automatic and does not establish a candidate’s stance, the accuracy of a claim, or an effect on the measured result. Results are grouped by recorded race, then by candidate name. Within each candidate, the matching issue mentions appear first. Only candidates with matching retained statements are shown; this is not a complete race roster. Repeated identical text for the same candidate is shown once. Coverage follows the existing state profiles and is not a complete record of all candidates or everything they have said. Review dates are not statement dates.

South Dakota incumbents

What incumbents are proposing

Explore reviewed bills sponsored by current South Dakota legislators and South Dakota’s congressional delegation, plus retained proposals from South Dakota’s governor and agencies. Each record keeps its latest recorded status and official evidence.

1 matching sponsorship or proposal · 1 South Dakota incumbent. These filters apply only to this section.

Rep. Brian Mulder

South Dakota House of Representatives · R–SD

1 proposal
View proposals from Rep. Brian Mulder
South Dakota Legislature · HB 1251

create the community-based providers methodology supplement fund, create the target teacher salary supplement fund, and provide for the transfer of certain unobligated cash balances to the fund.

Feb 23, 2026 · Not enacted · Deferred to 41st day

Rep. Brian Mulder · Sponsored / Rep. Roger DeGroot · Co-sponsored / Rep. Eric Emery · Co-sponsored / Rep. Erik Muckey · Co-sponsored / Sen. Carl Perry · Co-sponsored / Sen. Mykala Voita · Co-sponsored

FactVote reviewed summary

HB 1251 proposed a target teacher salary supplement fund administered by the Department of Education. The fund would support budget requests to increase the statutory target teacher salary, with expenditures through the general appropriation bill. A separate provision proposed routing 30% of remaining unobligated cash to the fund after the reserve requirement. The committee deferred the bill to the 41st legislative day on February 23, 2026; it did not create this fund or guarantee salary increases.

The House Committee on Appropriations deferred the bill to the 41st legislative day on 2026-02-23. The 2026 regular session has ended without enactment of this measure.

Why this record is included

Household money income includes wages before taxes. A proposed fund to increase the target teacher salary concerns teachers’ earnings within household income. A funding-formula target is not a guaranteed paycheck increase; the bill failed and did not establish higher salaries or a higher statewide median. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.

Retained South Dakota evidence context: Median household income. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

Section 1. That a NEW SECTION be added to chapter 13-13: There is created in the state treasury the target teacher salary supplement fund. The fund consists of moneys specified for deposit in the fund pursuant to § 4-7-32. The Department of Education shall administer the fund. The purpose of the fund is to enable an increase to the target teacher salary, as set forth in § 13-13-10.1. The department, as part of the annual budget submission, in accordance with § 4-7-7, shall submit a budget request utilizing money from the fund to provide an increase in the target teacher salary, as set forth in § 13-13-10.1. Interest on moneys credited to the fund must remain in the fund. Expenditures from the fund must be budgeted through the general appropriation bill. Section 4. That § 4-7-32 be AMENDED: 4-7-32. The transfer of all prior year unobligated cash must occur in accordance with this section: (1) On July first of each fiscal year or at the time that the prior fiscal year general fund unobligated cash balance is determined, the commissioner of the Bureau of Finance and Management shall transfer prior year unobligated cash, up to an amount equaling ten percent of the general fund appropriations from the general appropriation act for the prior fiscal year, into the budget reserve fund. The cash balance in the budget reserve fund may not exceed ten percent of the general fund appropriations from the general appropriation act for the prior fiscal year; (2) If any unobligated cash balance remains after the requirements of subdivision (1) are met, the commissioner must: (a) Transfer thirty percent of the remaining balance to the community-based providers methodology supplement fund, created in section 2 of this Act; (b) Transfer thirty percent of the remaining balance to the target teacher salary supplement fund, created in section 1 of this Act; and (c) Transfer forty percent of the remaining balance to the general revenue placement fund, created in § 4-7-45.
Review official supporting evidence ↗
What sponsorship and proposal counts tell us

Only current South Dakota officeholders retained in the reviewed collection qualify. Bills require a recorded primary sponsorship; cosponsors and signing officials are excluded from sponsorship counts. An official introducer recorded as acting by request is labeled “Introduced by request”; that procedural role does not establish personal policy endorsement. Governor and agency records qualify when recorded as proposed. A separately verified governor transmittal can also establish an original proposal whose latest status reflects its later outcome. Signing an enacted law alone does not establish a proposal. A record appearing under several facts is counted once per officeholder. A bill with multiple primary sponsors appears under each recorded sponsor.

Enacted bills, adopted resolutions and unsuccessful measures remain visible as proposal history. Passing one chamber is not enactment. These counts do not measure effectiveness or prove that an action changed a South Dakota statistic. Collection reviewed Sep 16, 2026.