North Dakota · individual fact

North Dakota income and taxes

Household income, income per person, purchasing power, and North Dakota’s tax structure.

Explore another state

Median household income$76.66K2020–2024 · #27 of 50 · highest first

Per-capita money income$43.39K2020–2024 · #21 of 50 · highest first

Real personal income per person$65.27K2024 · #6 of 50 · highest first

North Dakota over time

Explore North Dakota readings, major events and reviewed actions on the same date scale. North Dakota officeholders appear in separate lanes. National event evidence describes national context; it does not measure a North Dakota effect.

Show major events Only events with figuresExplore an event

Major events & context · A curated selection, including uncertain effects. Milestone dates do not establish that an event caused a North Dakota change.

Show North Dakota actionsShow U.S. benchmark where published

Enacted / issuedDid not proceedPending / in progressStatus unclear

Colors show the latest recorded status. Passing one chamber is not enactment. A number groups actions with the same date, body and status.

Real personal income per person North Dakota · source units

North DakotaPublished U.S. benchmark

Move across the chart to inspect the nearest observation. Click or tap to keep a reading selected, or focus the chart and use the arrow keys. Hover over or focus a marker to explore; click or tap to pin. Press Escape to clear.

3 of 3 reviewed North Dakota actions match · 3 date markers shown. 35 major events shown separately.

North Dakota · 2024: $65,271 · Rank #6 of 50, highest first · U.S. benchmark: $59,195

BEA personal income per person adjusted for regional price parities and the national PCE price index. Constant 2017 dollars. A BEA measure, distinct from ACS per-capita money income. Annual observations use December 31; monthly observations use the first of the month. Lines connect consecutive readings and do not supply values between them. Missing observations break the lines.

View observations and export data

North Dakota Real personal income per person · source units
Period	North Dakota	Rank	U.S. benchmark
2024	$65,271	#6 of 50	$59,195
2023	$67,383	#5 of 50	$58,088
2022	$69,036	#3 of 50	$57,104
2021	$66,878	#5 of 50	$59,365
2020	$63,073	#4 of 50	$56,514
2019	$58,846	#5 of 50	$53,683
2018	$59,425	#4 of 50	$52,242
2017	$58,594	#3 of 50	$51,006
2016	$57,110	#3 of 50	$49,828
2015	$59,886	#3 of 50	$49,396
2014	$63,171	#1 of 50	$47,661

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · BEA SARPI, line 2 ↗

How major events are selected

The timeline combines the corresponding national fact’s reviewed event catalog, labeled National context, with individually reviewed state milestones. State events use primary sources and distinguish signing, effective and filing dates. Each milestone keeps its source-check date, geographical limits and evidence limits. This curated selection is not a complete history.

Date ranges affect events and actions. Action type, status and official-name search affect government records only. Events remain separate from action counts. An event after the latest observation extends context without creating a new reading.

North Dakota · state comparison

Household resources

Compare the ACS five-year estimates using the same population and dollar period.

MeasureComparison period

North Dakota · 2020–2024$76,657

North Dakota rank#27among all 50 states

U.S. benchmark$80,734Same measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Median household income

Median before-tax income received by households; half are above and half below.

2024 dollars. ACS sampling error means nearby ranks may not be statistically distinguishable.

Compare states on the graph

Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. North Dakota stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.

Inspect a stateGraph order

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. North Dakota has a dark outline.

Lower value · $56.45KHigher value · $103.96KStriped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

North Dakota · $76,6572020–2024 · Rank #27 of 50, highest first90% confidence interval: $75,494 – $77,820Selected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare North Dakota with every state · 50 ranked

Table order

Median household income · 2020–2024 · highest value ranked #1
Rank	State	Value	Comparison notes
#1	Massachusetts	$103,960	90% CI: 103433–104487
#2	Maryland	$103,678	90% CI: 103081–104275
#3	New Jersey	$103,556	90% CI: 103043–104069
#4	Hawaii	$100,389	90% CI: 99268–101510
#5	California	$99,122	90% CI: 98812–99432
#6	New Hampshire	$99,031	90% CI: 97908–100154
#7	Washington	$98,141	90% CI: 97727–98555
#8	Connecticut	$95,781	90% CI: 95049–96513
#9	Colorado	$95,470	90% CI: 94892–96048
#10	Utah	$95,166	90% CI: 94392–95940
#11	Virginia	$93,170	90% CI: 92712–93628
#12	Alaska	$92,788	90% CI: 91556–94020
#13	Minnesota	$89,062	90% CI: 88653–89471
#14	Rhode Island	$87,796	90% CI: 86587–89005
#15	New York	$85,974	90% CI: 85572–86376
#16	Delaware	$84,954	90% CI: 83703–86205
#17	Illinois	$83,390	90% CI: 83028–83752
#18	Oregon	$83,011	90% CI: 82438–83584
#19	Vermont	$81,203	90% CI: 79864–82542
#20	Arizona	$79,964	90% CI: 79557–80371
#21	Texas	$78,476	90% CI: 78213–78739
#22	Nevada	$78,260	90% CI: 77664–78856
#23	Pennsylvania	$77,971	90% CI: 77629–78313
#24	Idaho	$77,800	90% CI: 77057–78543
#25	Wisconsin	$77,485	90% CI: 77030–77940
#26	Georgia	$77,353	90% CI: 76946–77760
#27	North Dakota · your comparison	$76,657	90% CI: 75494–77820
#28	Nebraska	$76,475	90% CI: 75842–77108
#29	Wyoming	$76,176	90% CI: 75008–77344
#30	South Dakota	$75,081	90% CI: 74193–75969
#31	Iowa	$75,059	90% CI: 74641–75477
#32	Maine	$74,733	90% CI: 73938–75528
#33	Florida	$74,568	90% CI: 74284–74852
#34	Kansas	$74,275	90% CI: 73800–74750
#35	Michigan	$72,875	90% CI: 72582–73168
#36	Montana	$72,509	90% CI: 71748–73270
#37	North Carolina	$72,388	90% CI: 72064–72712
#38	Indiana	$71,957	90% CI: 71605–72309
#39	Ohio	$71,389	90% CI: 71068–71710
#40	Missouri	$70,702	90% CI: 70377–71027
#41	Tennessee	$69,595	90% CI: 69166–70024
#42	South Carolina	$69,324	90% CI: 68754–69894
#43	Oklahoma	$65,039	90% CI: 64600–65478
#44	New Mexico	$64,059	90% CI: 63251–64867
#45	Alabama	$63,999	90% CI: 63600–64398
#46	Kentucky	$63,726	90% CI: 63297–64155
#47	Arkansas	$60,773	90% CI: 60306–61240
#48	Louisiana	$60,756	90% CI: 60348–61164
#49	West Virginia	$59,608	90% CI: 58917–60299
#50	Mississippi	$56,447	90% CI: 55908–56986

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

U.S. Census Bureau · 2020–2024 ACS five-year estimates ↗

Median household income

$76,6572020–2024 estimate

Median money income received by North Dakota households, expressed in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars.

This source snapshot keeps its own definition and period. A rank shown elsewhere applies only to that comparison’s measure and period.

Method and limitations

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.

Income is not take-home pay and does not directly measure taxes, wealth, prices, or purchasing power.
A statewide median obscures regional and household differences.

U.S. Census Bureau · QuickFacts: North Dakota ↗

North Dakota · state comparison

Is income keeping up with prices?

Real income adjusts for price levels and inflation. Disposable income subtracts personal current taxes but does not subtract household living expenses.

MeasureComparison period

North Dakota · 2024$65,271

North Dakota rank#6among all 50 states

U.S. benchmark$59,195Same measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Real personal income per person

BEA personal income per person adjusted for regional price parities and the national PCE price index.

Constant 2017 dollars. A BEA measure, distinct from ACS per-capita money income.

Hover to inspect. Click or tap to compare that period with every state. Focus the graph and use arrow keys, Home or End to select a period. Press Escape to return to the latest period.

North DakotaShow U.S. benchmark

2024 · North Dakota: $65,271 · Rank #6 of 50, highest first · U.S. benchmark: $59,195 · Selected for state comparison

View history and select a period

North Dakota Real personal income per person history
Period	North Dakota	Compare
2014	$63,171
2015	$59,886
2016	$57,110
2017	$58,594
2018	$59,425
2019	$58,846
2020	$63,073
2021	$66,878
2022	$69,036
2023	$67,383
2024	$65,271

Compare states on the graph

Inspect a stateGraph order

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. North Dakota has a dark outline.

Lower value · $48.47KHigher value · $75.5KStriped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

North Dakota · $65,2712024 · Rank #6 of 50, highest firstSelected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare North Dakota with every state · 50 ranked

Table order

Real personal income per person · 2024 · highest value ranked #1
Rank	State	Value	Comparison notes
#1	Wyoming	$75,501	—
#2	Connecticut	$74,254	—
#3	Massachusetts	$71,629	—
#4	South Dakota	$69,153	—
#5	Nebraska	$65,297	—
#6	North Dakota · your comparison	$65,271	—
#7	Colorado	$65,223	—
#8	New Hampshire	$64,632	—
#9	Washington	$64,421	—
#10	New York	$64,153	—
#11	New Jersey	$63,142	—
#12	California	$63,028	—
#13	Minnesota	$62,039	—
#14	Virginia	$61,914	—
#15	Maryland	$61,111	—
#16	Illinois	$60,333	—
#17	Alaska	$60,272	—
#18	Iowa	$60,144	—
#19	Montana	$59,203	—
#20	Kansas	$59,172	—
#21	Vermont	$58,893	—
#22	Oklahoma	$58,692	—
#23	Pennsylvania	$58,620	—
#24	Tennessee	$58,582	—
#25	Wisconsin	$58,273	—
#26	Texas	$58,219	—
#27	Missouri	$57,850	—
#28	Maine	$57,480	—
#29	Florida	$57,131	—
#30	Louisiana	$56,789	—
#31	Nevada	$56,503	—
#32	North Carolina	$56,310	—
#33	Ohio	$56,232	—
#34	Rhode Island	$55,878	—
#35	Indiana	$55,562	—
#36	Oregon	$55,451	—
#37	Arkansas	$55,219	—
#38	Delaware	$55,185	—
#39	Utah	$55,116	—
#40	Michigan	$53,569	—
#41	Georgia	$52,952	—
#42	Arizona	$52,890	—
#43	Idaho	$52,816	—
#44	South Carolina	$52,463	—
#45	Kentucky	$52,290	—
#46	Hawaii	$52,272	—
#47	Alabama	$52,216	—
#48	New Mexico	$51,121	—
#49	West Virginia	$50,051	—
#50	Mississippi	$48,465	—

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · BEA SARPI, line 2 ↗

North Dakota · state comparison

How North Dakota raises taxes

North Dakota's published 2026 individual brackets use rates of 0%, 1.95%, and 2.50%; taxable-income thresholds depend on filing status. Revenue comparisons rank dollars collected, not statutory tax rates or a particular household’s tax burden.

MeasureComparison period

North Dakota · FY2024$356.48M

North Dakota rank#41among all 50 states

U.S. benchmark$479.63BSame measure and period when published

#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.

Personal income-tax collections

Revenue collected under the Census tax classification. Missing item codes in the complete state-level file mean no reported amount.

State governments only, Census level 2; amounts converted from thousands to dollars. Fiscal-year ending dates differ among states. Larger collections reflect population, income, tax bases, and rates; they are not inherently better.

Compare states on the graph

Inspect a stateGraph order

Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. North Dakota has a dark outline.

Lower value · $0Higher value · $123.1BStriped: unavailable

Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.

North Dakota · $356.48MFY2024 · Rank #41 of 50, highest firstSelected state

50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.

Compare North Dakota with every state · 50 ranked

Table order

Personal income-tax collections · FY2024 · highest value ranked #1
Rank	State	Value	Comparison notes
#1	California	$123.1B	—
#2	New York	$53.84B	—
#3	Illinois	$22.63B	—
#4	Massachusetts	$22.13B	—
#5	New Jersey	$18.88B	—
#6	Virginia	$17.64B	—
#7	Pennsylvania	$17.08B	—
#8	North Carolina	$16.66B	—
#9	Georgia	$16.02B	—
#10	Minnesota	$13.27B	—
#11	Michigan	$11.56B	—
#12	Maryland	$10.65B	—
#13	Connecticut	$10.03B	—
#14	Ohio	$10.02B	—
#15	Oregon	$9.54B	—
#16	Wisconsin	$9.49B	—
#17	Indiana	$8.1B	—
#18	Missouri	$7.75B	—
#19	Colorado	$7.52B	—
#20	South Carolina	$6.15B	—
#21	Utah	$5.72B	—
#22	Alabama	$5.28B	—
#23	Kentucky	$5.02B	—
#24	Louisiana	$4.88B	—
#25	Arizona	$4.81B	—
#26	Oklahoma	$4.51B	—
#27	Kansas	$4.5B	—
#28	Iowa	$3.76B	—
#29	Hawaii	$3.28B	—
#30	Idaho	$2.89B	—
#31	Arkansas	$2.76B	—
#32	Delaware	$2.53B	—
#33	Nebraska	$2.48B	—
#34	Maine	$2.4B	—
#35	Mississippi	$2.33B	—
#36	West Virginia	$2.27B	—
#37	Montana	$2.25B	—
#38	New Mexico	$2.17B	—
#39	Rhode Island	$1.59B	—
#40	Vermont	$1.24B	—
#41	North Dakota · your comparison	$356.48M	—
#42	Washington	$350.45M	—
#43	New Hampshire	$183.36M	—
#44	Tennessee	$2.12M	—
#45	Alaska	$0	—
#45	Florida	$0	—
#45	Nevada	$0	—
#45	South Dakota	$0	—
#45	Texas	$0	—
#45	Wyoming	$0	—

All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.

U.S. Census Bureau · 2024 state and local finance public-use data · state-government level ↗

Individual income tax

0%–2.5%

North Dakota's published 2026 individual brackets use rates of 0%, 1.95%, and 2.50%; taxable-income thresholds depend on filing status.

North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner · Individual Income Tax — Tax Rate ↗

Corporate income tax

1.41%–4.31%

The State's graduated corporate-income-tax rates range from 1.41% to 4.31% of North Dakota taxable income.

North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner · New Businesses and Contractors ↗

Sales and use tax

5% State + local

The State rate is 5% for most retail sales. City and county sales, use, and special taxes may apply in addition.

North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner · Sales and Use Tax ↗

Property tax

Local mill levy varies

Counties determine and collect real-property tax for local taxing entities. Residential taxable value is 4.5% of true and full value, then the applicable local mill levy is applied.

North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner · Residential Property Tax ↗

Oil production and extraction taxes

5% + 5% standard

Oil generally faces a 5% gross-production tax and a separate 5% extraction tax on gross value, with exclusions, exemptions, reduced rates, and a limited tribal-well price trigger described by the State.

North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner · Oil and Gas Severance Tax ↗

How federal income taxes work

A marginal rate applies only to taxable income within its band. Moving into a higher bracket does not apply that rate to all your income.

Filing status

Base standard deduction

$16,100

Tax year 2026 · Single

Marginal versus effective rate

The bracket table applies to ordinary taxable income after deductions, not to gross wages or Census household income.

2026 ordinary taxable-income bands · Single
Marginal rate	Taxable income in this band
10%	Up to $12,400
12%	Over $12,400 through $50,400
22%	Over $50,400 through $105,700
24%	Over $105,700 through $201,775
32%	Over $201,775 through $256,225
35%	Over $256,225 through $640,600
37%	Over $640,600

Selected filing statuses only. Rates exclude preferential capital-gain rules, credits, alternative minimum tax, payroll taxes and state/local taxes. The base deduction does not include extra amounts for age, blindness or other eligibility. Tax year 2026 returns are generally filed in 2027.

IRS · Tax schedules and deductions ↗

Who pays what share of income taxes?

Compare income groups’ shares of federal individual income tax. These groups divide tax returns by adjusted gross income (AGI), with no overlap.

Tax-share year

Tax year 2023 · IRS estimates · Returns excluding dependents. Latest available in this IRS release: 2023. The 2026 tax schedules above describe a different year.

$2.14 trillion total individual income tax153.1 million tax returns

Income groups ranked from lowest to highest AGI · 2023 dollars
Income group	Approximate AGI range	Share of income	Share of income tax	Average tax rate
Bottom 50%50.0% of returns	Below $53,801	12.3%	3.3%	3.7%
50th–75th percentile25.0% of returns	$53,801 to under $105,604	19.2%	10.4%	7.7%
75th–90th percentile15.0% of returns	$105,604 to under $187,608	20.9%	15.8%	10.6%
90th–95th percentile5.0% of returns	$187,608 to under $272,209	11.2%	11.2%	14.2%
95th–99th percentile4.0% of returns	$272,209 to under $675,602	15.8%	20.9%	18.7%
Top 1%1.0% of returns	$675,602 and above	20.6%	38.4%	26.3%

Blue bars show tax shares; gray bars show income shares. Both use a 0–100% scale. Each share column totals approximately 100% after rounding. The bottom group includes zero and negative AGI.

What is included, and how are the groups calculated?

IRS total income tax includes income tax after specified credits, limited to zero, plus net investment income tax and tax on accumulation distributions of trusts. Refundable portions of credits are excluded. This is tax liability, not withholding, refunds received or all government revenue. Payroll, corporate, estate, excise, and state/local taxes are outside this measure. Paying little federal income tax does not mean paying no taxes.

FactVote subtracts adjacent IRS cumulative totals to form the separate groups. For example, the 95th–99th percentile equals the top 5% minus the top 1%. Average rates are then calculated from each group’s tax and AGI, rather than subtracting the published average rates. Historical groups contain different returns over time. Figures are sample estimates and rounded source amounts can introduce small differences.

IRS Statistics of Income, Table 4.1 · Published March 2026 · Checked 2026-09-14. Download IRS source table ↗ · IRS methods and releases ↗

Who pays corporate income taxes?

Compare federal corporate income tax after credits across company-size groups. IRS groups these returns by annual business receipts, not by household income or profit.

Corporate tax year

Tax year 2022 · Active corporation returns excluding S corporations, real estate investment trusts (REITs), and regulated investment companies (RICs). Latest available in this IRS table: 2022.

$448.50B corporate income tax after credits in this table1.56 million estimated returns

Corporate tax by annual business receipts · 2022 dollars
Company-size group	Share of returns	Share of business receipts	Income tax after credits	Share of corporate income tax
Under $100,000	44.6%	0.1%	$5.93B	1.3%
$100,000–under $1 million	32.9%	0.6%	$2.31B	0.5%
$1 million–under $10 million	17.6%	2.9%	$8.78B	2.0%
$10 million–under $100 million	3.9%	5.6%	$21.87B	4.9%
$100 million–under $1 billion	0.8%	10.9%	$40.78B	9.1%
$1 billion and above	0.2%	80.0%	$368.84B	82.2%

All six groups are separate. Blue bars show tax shares; gray bars show receipts shares, both on a 0–100% scale. Shares sum to approximately 100% after rounding. The smallest group includes zero receipts and receipts not reported.

How this differs from the individual income-tax breakdown

The individual section groups returns by adjusted gross income. This section groups corporate returns by business receipts; neither the income concepts nor the tax totals are interchangeable. No effective tax rate is calculated by dividing corporate tax by sales.

S corporations generally pass income through to owners and are excluded here, as are REITs and RICs. Their exclusion does not mean their owners pay no tax. This section therefore describes the IRS table’s covered corporations rather than every business or every dollar of corporate-tax revenue. It does not estimate how the economic burden is shared among shareholders, workers and customers.

FactVote combines adjacent IRS size bands and sums published amounts; no suppressed values are used. Figures are sample estimates. Returns may use different accounting periods, and company size and nominal dollar values change over time. Small differences from totals reflect source rounding.

IRS Statistics of Income, Publication 16, Table 3.3 · Latest release September 2025 · Checked 2026-09-14. Download 2022 IRS table ↗ · IRS coverage and methods ↗

The broader federal tax burden

Individual income tax is one part of a household’s federal taxes. Compare income, payroll, corporate and excise taxes as a percentage of each group’s income.

Household tax year

Calendar year 2022 · CBO estimates · Latest available in this release: 2022. These household groups use a different income definition from the IRS tax-return groups above.

Average federal tax rates · Percent of income before means-tested transfers and taxes
Income group	Individual income	Payroll	Corporate	Excise	Combined rate
Lowest fifth	−10.1%	9.5%	0.8%	1.3%	1.4%
Second fifth	−0.9%	8.8%	0.8%	0.8%	9.5%
Middle fifth	3.1%	8.8%	0.9%	0.6%	13.4%
Fourth fifth	6.8%	9.3%	1.0%	0.5%	17.6%
Highest fifth	16.6%	6.1%	2.9%	0.3%	25.9%
All households	10.6%	7.5%	2.1%	0.4%	20.6%

Combined-rate bars share a fixed −30% to +30% scale, centered at zero. Blue = net tax; teal = net payment to households. Negative individual income tax reflects refundable credits. Components may differ from the combined rate by 0.1–0.2 points because CBO rounds each figure separately.

How this comparison is measured

CBO combines tax records and household survey data. Each rate divides the group’s total tax by its total income; it is not a simple average of individual rates. Income includes earnings, investment income and social insurance benefits, including some noncash benefits. The employer share of payroll taxes is attributed to workers. Corporate-tax allocation reflects modeling assumptions, not directly observed household payments.

The four tax types covered 90% of federal revenue in fiscal 2022. Estate and gift taxes, customs duties and other federal sources are outside this comparison, as are state/local taxes. Households with negative income are excluded from the five individual groups but included in “All households.” Do not average the five group rates to calculate the national rate.

CBO · Published 2026-01-21 · Checked 2026-09-14. Report and data ↗ · Methods and tax allocation ↗

Is after-tax income keeping up with prices?

Real disposable income per person tracks average income available for spending or saving after personal taxes, adjusted for inflation. A rise means average purchasing power increased; it does not mean every household is better off.

Real income per person

$52,849

Jul 2026 · Chained 2017 dollars · Annual rate

Change from prior month

+0.3%

Jun 2026 to Jul 2026 · Not an annualized change

Change from a year earlier

+0.2%

Jul 2025 to Jul 2026

Purchasing power range

Per personchained 2017 dollars

Hover to inspect; click or tap to keep a reading selected. Use the arrow keys to explore, or Escape to clear.

Scroll the chart sideways to see the full timeline.

Jul 2026Per person: 52,849 chained 2017 dollars

View data: Purchasing power

Purchasing power · chained 2017 dollars
Period	Per person
Jul 2026	52,849 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 2026	52,666 chained 2017 dollars
May 2026	52,517 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 2026	52,402 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 2026	52,624 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 2026	52,694 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 2026	52,941 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 2025	52,610 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 2025	52,667 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 2025	52,684 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 2025	52,865 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 2025	52,829 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 2025	52,740 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 2025	52,529 chained 2017 dollars
May 2025	52,609 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 2025	53,077 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 2025	52,794 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 2025	52,465 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 2025	52,422 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 2024	52,376 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 2024	52,348 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 2024	52,252 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 2024	52,159 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 2024	52,136 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 2024	52,135 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 2024	52,192 chained 2017 dollars
May 2024	52,124 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 2024	51,946 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 2024	51,924 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 2024	51,902 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 2024	51,878 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 2023	51,637 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 2023	51,515 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 2023	51,302 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 2023	51,171 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 2023	51,195 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 2023	51,166 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 2023	51,106 chained 2017 dollars
May 2023	51,085 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 2023	50,936 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 2023	50,861 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 2023	50,594 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 2023	50,353 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 2022	49,403 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 2022	49,210 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 2022	49,165 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 2022	49,043 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 2022	48,912 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 2022	48,660 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 2022	48,071 chained 2017 dollars
May 2022	48,219 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 2022	48,312 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 2022	48,344 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 2022	48,607 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 2022	48,616 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 2021	49,845 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 2021	50,093 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 2021	50,258 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 2021	50,266 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 2021	50,857 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 2021	50,982 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 2021	50,671 chained 2017 dollars
May 2021	50,939 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 2021	52,450 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 2021	61,793 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 2021	50,288 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 2021	54,791 chained 2017 dollars
Dec 2020	49,374 chained 2017 dollars
Nov 2020	49,323 chained 2017 dollars
Oct 2020	49,907 chained 2017 dollars
Sep 2020	50,099 chained 2017 dollars
Aug 2020	49,835 chained 2017 dollars
Jul 2020	51,838 chained 2017 dollars
Jun 2020	51,388 chained 2017 dollars
May 2020	51,575 chained 2017 dollars
Apr 2020	54,304 chained 2017 dollars
Mar 2020	47,344 chained 2017 dollars
Feb 2020	47,961 chained 2017 dollars
Jan 2020	47,800 chained 2017 dollars

Monthly observations are seasonally adjusted and expressed at an annual rate; $52,849 is not one month’s income. BEA’s measure is broader than cash take-home pay and differs from Census money income and CBO household resources elsewhere on this page. Personal taxes include federal, state and local personal taxes; this is not calculated by subtracting the CBO table from Census income.

BEA via FRED · Updated 2026-08-26 · Checked 2026-09-14. Historical estimates may be revised. Series and data ↗ · Inflation adjustment ↗

Income before and after taxes and benefits

Compare average household resources within each income group: starting income, plus means-tested benefits, minus federal taxes. These are accounting comparisons, not predictions of what incomes would be without those programs.

Income and benefits year

Calendar year 2022 · Average per household · All amounts in 2022 dollars. Gray = before; blue = after. Both bar columns use the same zero-to-$450,000 scale.

Before + means-tested benefits − federal taxes = after · Rounded CBO estimates
Income group	Before	+ Benefits	− Taxes	After
Lowest fifth	$26,200	$19,000	$400	$44,800
Second fifth	$59,100	$9,600	$5,600	$63,100
Middle fifth	$94,000	$5,600	$12,600	$87,000
Fourth fifth	$143,100	$3,000	$25,100	$121,100
Highest fifth	$412,600	$1,700	$106,700	$307,600
All households	$143,000	$7,900	$29,400	$121,500

“Before” already includes social insurance, including Social Security and Medicare. “Benefits” adds means-tested programs only, including cash and noncash assistance from federal, state and local governments. The tax column covers federal taxes only. CBO uses PCE inflation adjustment; amounts are rounded to the nearest $100, so the displayed equation can differ by $100–$200. Negative-income households appear in the national total, not the five separate groups.

CBO · Latest year in this release: 2022 · Published 2026-01-21. Report and household income data ↗

Tax credits and measured poverty

A deduction reduces taxable income. A credit reduces tax directly; a refundable credit can also result in a payment when the credit exceeds the tax owed. Census estimates how counting these payments changes the number of people below its Supplemental Poverty Measure threshold.

Original-release estimates: These figures use the thresholds in Census’s September 2025 report. Thresholds were corrected in July 2026; these are not revised credit-effect estimates. Read the revision notice ↗

Credit estimate yearCredit measure

Refundable tax credits · 2024 · Original September 2025 release
Age group	Fewer people below the threshold	90% margin of error
All ages	6,768,000	±462,000
Under 18	3,704,000	±263,000
Ages 18–64	2,985,000	±224,000
Ages 65+	79,000	±25,000

Bars start at zero and share a fixed 0–7 million people scale. “All ages” includes the three age groups below it. Refundable credits combine EITC and the refundable Child Tax Credit; the CTC-only estimate overlaps and must not be added to the combined estimate or subtracted to infer an EITC-only effect.

The SPM counts taxes, selected noncash assistance and necessary expenses, with thresholds that vary with housing and location. This differs from the official poverty measure based on pretax money income. The 2023 and 2024 counts also use different population controls, so a difference combines demographic changes and methodological updates. No year-to-year effect is calculated here.

Census CPS ASEC · Table B-7 · Checked 2026-09-14. Source table and uncertainty ↗ · Report and data-vintage notice ↗

Understanding North Dakota income

Median, average and per person

The median describes the middle household. Per-capita income is a population average, including children. BEA personal income also includes sources outside Census money income. These measures answer different questions.

Income, taxes and living costs

Before-tax money income is not take-home pay. Disposable personal income subtracts personal current taxes. Real personal income adjusts for prices. A state income-tax rate does not describe sales taxes, local property taxes, federal taxes or a household’s complete tax burden.

Annual and five-year estimates

The North Dakota ACS comparison pools 2020–2024 and expresses income in 2024 dollars. BEA annual history describes individual calendar years. A difference between the two series is not an income change.

Rankings and uncertainty

#1 means the highest measured value, not the best state. Survey ranks use point estimates; nearby values may not be distinguishable after sampling uncertainty. Larger tax collections can simply reflect a larger population or tax base.

North Dakota officeholders

Explore current officeholders and explicitly reviewed historical executive officials, labeled at the time of their actions. Timeline dates, action type, status and search also filter this list. Read any record’s summary, latest recorded status and official evidence below, or open it beside the timeline.

3 of 3 reviewed North Dakota actions · newest first

Apr 25, 2025 · HB 1382 · A BILL for an Act to create and enact a new section to chapter 54-27 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the creation of the city, county, and township road fund; to amend and reenact subsection 1 of section 39-04-19.2, section 54-27-19, subsection 1 of section 57-43.1-02, and subsection 1 of section 57-43.2-02 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle road use fee, the tax imposed on motor vehicle and special fuels, and the highway tax distribution fund; and to provide an effective date. · Not enacted · Senate rejected passage

North Dakota Legislature · HB 1382

A BILL for an Act to create and enact a new section to chapter 54-27 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the creation of the city, county, and township road fund; to amend and reenact subsection 1 of section 39-04-19.2, section 54-27-19, subsection 1 of section 57-43.1-02, and subsection 1 of section 57-43.2-02 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle road use fee, the tax imposed on motor vehicle and special fuels, and the highway tax distribution fund; and to provide an effective date.

Apr 25, 2025 · Not enacted · Senate rejected passage

Rep. Mike Brandenburg · Named bill author / Rep. Craig Headland · Named bill author / Sen. Jerry Klein · Named bill author / Sen. Janne Myrdal · Named bill author / Rep. Jon O. Nelson · Named bill author / Rep. Anna S. Novak · Named bill author / Rep. Gregory Stemen · Named bill author / Rep. Scott Wagner · Named bill author / Sen. Terry M. Wanzek · Named bill author / Sen. Mark F. Weber · Named bill author / Rep. Robin Weisz · Named bill author

FactVote reviewed summary

HB 1382’s first engrossment with Senate amendments proposed increasing the motor-vehicle-fuel tax from 23 to 26 cents per gallon and directing three cents per gallon to a city, county and township road fund. The fuel-tax provisions would have applied after June 30, 2025. The Senate rejected this version April 25, 2025, by 0–45. It did not raise the tax, and sponsor attribution does not imply a vote for every amendment or a demonstrated retail-price effect.

Senate rejected the measure on 2025-04-25. Second reading, failed to pass, yeas 0 nays 45. The 2025 regular session ended without enactment of this measure.

Why this record is included

The gasoline fact is a fifteen-state Midwest regional proxy covering Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee and Wisconsin. Motor-fuel tax is a component of retail gasoline prices in one state within that region. The failed proposal did not raise the tax or establish the September 2026 regional price. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.

Retained North Dakota evidence context: Midwest regular gasoline price. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

Except as otherwise provided in this section, a tax of twenty-six cents per gallon [3.79 liters] is imposed on all motor vehicle fuel sold or used in this state. […] Sections 4 and 5 of this Act are effective for taxable events occurring after June 30, 2025. […] There is created in the state treasury a city, county, and township road fund. The fund consists of three cents per gallon [3.79 liters] of the tax assessed under subsection 1 of section 57-43.1-02 and subsection 1 of section 57-43.2-02.

Review official supporting evidence ↗

Official record ↗Rep. Mike Brandenburg’s profile ↗Rep. Craig Headland’s profile ↗Sen. Jerry Klein’s profile ↗Sen. Janne Myrdal’s profile ↗Rep. Jon O. Nelson’s profile ↗Rep. Anna S. Novak’s profile ↗Rep. Gregory Stemen’s profile ↗Rep. Scott Wagner’s profile ↗Sen. Terry M. Wanzek’s profile ↗Sen. Mark F. Weber’s profile ↗Rep. Robin Weisz’s profile ↗

Inspect this action on the timeline ↑

Mar 7, 2025 · HCR 3032 · A concurrent resolution to create and enact a new section to article XI of the Constitution of North Dakota, relating to the minimum wage. · Not enacted · House rejected passage

North Dakota Legislature · HCR 3032

A concurrent resolution to create and enact a new section to article XI of the Constitution of North Dakota, relating to the minimum wage.

Mar 7, 2025 · Not enacted · House rejected passage

Rep. LaurieBeth Hager · Sponsored

FactVote reviewed summary

HCR 3032 proposed a constitutional minimum wage of $9.25 per hour and annual upward cost-of-living adjustments starting January 1, 2027. It proposed submitting the amendment to voters in the 2026 general election. Rep. LaurieBeth Hager introduced the resolution. The House rejected it March 7, 2025, by 11–79. This resolution did not reach the ballot or raise wages.

House rejected the measure on 2025-03-07. Second reading, failed to adopt yeas 11 nays 79. The 2025 regular session ended without enactment of this measure.

Why this record is included

Household money income includes wages before taxes. A minimum-wage proposal concerns earnings of covered workers within household income. The failed resolution did not raise pay, reach the ballot, or establish a higher statewide median. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.

Retained North Dakota evidence context: Median household income. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

That the following proposed new section to article XI of the Constitution of North Dakota is agreed to and must be submitted to the qualified electors of North Dakota at the general election to be held in 2026, in accordance with section 16 of article IV of the Constitution of North Dakota. […] Every employer shall pay to each of the employer's employees wages at a rate of not less than nine dollars and twenty-five cents per hour. 2. Beginning January 1, 2027, and on January first of each year thereafter, the minimum wage must be adjusted by the increase, if any, in the cost of living.

Review official supporting evidence ↗

Official record ↗Rep. LaurieBeth Hager’s profile ↗

Inspect this action on the timeline ↑

Jan 5, 2025 · HR 82 · Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 · Enacted · Public Law 118-273

U.S. Congress · North Dakota delegation · HR 82

Social Security Fairness Act of 2023

Jan 5, 2025 · Enacted · Public Law 118-273

Gov. Kelly Armstrong · Co-sponsored

FactVote reviewed summary

Kelly Armstrong cosponsored H.R. 82 on June 14, 2023, while serving in the U.S. House of Representatives. The Social Security Fairness Act became Public Law 118-273 on January 5, 2025, repealing the Government Pension Offset and Windfall Elimination Provision for monthly title II benefits after December 2023. Armstrong is now North Dakota’s governor; this is his earlier congressional action, not a cosponsorship by his successor Julie Fedorchak. The law concerns affected OASDI payments, not SSI or proven changes in state beneficiary counts.

Became Public Law No: 118-273. Applies to monthly title II benefits for months after December 2023.

Why this record is included

The fact counts OASDI beneficiaries in current payment. Repealing pension-related offsets concerns monthly retirement, disability and survivor benefits for affected people. It does not cover SSI or establish a change in North Dakota beneficiary counts. Kelly Armstrong’s role here was as a U.S. representative before becoming governor. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.

Retained North Dakota evidence context: Social Security beneficiaries. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

SEC. 2. REPEAL OF GOVERNMENT PENSION OFFSET PROVISION.(a) In General.—Section 202(k) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 402(k)) is amended by striking paragraph (5). (b) Conforming Amendments.—(1) Section 202(b)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 402(b)(2)) is amended by striking “subsections (k)(5) and (q)” and inserting “subsection (q)”. (2) Section 202(c)(2) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 402(c)(2)) is amended by striking “subsections (k)(5) and (q)” and inserting “subsection (q)”. (3) Section 202(e)(2)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 402(e)(2)(A)) is amended by striking “subsection (k)(5), subsection (q),” and inserting “subsection (q)”. (4) Section 202(f)(2)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 402(f)(2)(A)) is amended by striking “subsection (k)(5), subsection (q)” and inserting “subsection (q)”. SEC. 3. REPEAL OF WINDFALL ELIMINATION PROVISIONS.(a) In General.—Section 215 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 415) is amended—(1) in subsection (a), by striking paragraph (7); (2) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (3); and (3) in subsection (f), by striking paragraph (9). (b) Conforming Amendments.—Subsections (e)(2) and (f)(2) of section 202 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 402) are each amended by striking “section 215(f)(5), 215(f)(6), or 215(f)(9)(B)” in subparagraphs (C) and (D)(i) and inserting “paragraph (5) or (6) of section 215(f)”. SEC. 4. 42 USC 402 note.EFFECTIVE DATE. Applicability.The amendments made by this Act shall apply with respect to monthly insurance benefits payable under title II of the Social Security Act for months after December 2023. Adjustment.Notwithstanding section 215(f) of the Social Security Act, the Commissioner of Social Security shall adjust primary insurance amounts to the extent 138 STAT. 3233 necessary to take into account the amendments made by section 3. Approved January 5, 2025.

Review official supporting evidence ↗

Official record ↗Gov. Kelly Armstrong’s profile ↗

Inspect this action on the timeline ↑

How North Dakota action records are selected

Records come from published fact relationships or reviewed topic records with official supporting evidence and verified North Dakota officeholder attribution. Historical executive officials require evidence tied to the action date and are excluded from incumbent proposals. Inclusion follows an explicit topic review, a related state fact, or the action’s title and supporting evidence. Explicit topic reviews take priority; repeated actions use the most recent explicit review for this topic. Duplicate actions attached to several facts appear once. This topic match is not a new finding that an action caused a result, and the reviewed collection is selective. Collection reviewed Sep 16, 2026.

What candidates are saying

Explore statements about income, wages and tax policy from FactVote’s North Dakota candidate profiles. Compare candidates within each recorded race, with each person’s matching statements kept together. These are candidate and campaign statements, not verified outcomes.

RaceConnection to this factFind a candidate or statement

14 statements from 4 candidates

2026 North Dakota Agriculture Commissioner — General Election

1 candidate with matching statements · 1 statement

Vern Thompson

1 statement

Democratic-NPL · Agriculture Commissioner · ND

Taxes & tax policy

Tariffs are hurting farmers and consumers. Since tariffs are a tax on American consumers, they never should have been enacted without authorization from Congress. We lost global markets — China used to buy 70% of our soybeans. Now Brazil and Argentina have taken over. The result for consumers has be…

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Tariffs and agricultural markets

Candidate campaign source

Tariffs are hurting farmers and consumers. Since tariffs are a tax on American consumers, they never should have been enacted without authorization from Congress. We lost global markets — China used to buy 70% of our soybeans. Now Brazil and Argentina have taken over. The result for consumers has been higher grocery prices. We are supposed to have a free market. Tariffs should be used sparingly and only after negotiations are in place.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Vern Thompson — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗

Original source ↗

Candidate profile →

2026 North Dakota Superintendent of Public Instruction — Unexpired Term — General Election

1 candidate with matching statements · 2 statements

Levi Bachmeier

2 statements

Nonpartisan · Superintendent of Public Instruction — Unexpired Term · ND

Taxes & tax policy

Public schools are an investment in our future- their importance cannot be overstated. The American Dream is rooted in the idea that everyone has a right to an effective education and our teachers help make that dream a reality for North Dakota’s students. Rewarding them doesn’t mean higher taxes. I…

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Teacher retention and education spending

Candidate campaign source

Public schools are an investment in our future- their importance cannot be overstated. The American Dream is rooted in the idea that everyone has a right to an effective education and our teachers help make that dream a reality for North Dakota’s students. Rewarding them doesn’t mean higher taxes. It means smarter spending. Over the last ten years North Dakota has reduced the percentage of its budget dedicated to teacher pay. That needs to change.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Levi Bachmeier — candidate-owned primary source 2 ↗

Original source ↗

View 1 more statement from Levi Bachmeier

Taxes & tax policy

Levi believes in investing in our children today to secure North Dakota’s prosperity tomorrow. Politicalization of schools must be rejected. Students need high academic and behavioral expectations. Education funding needs to be reprioritized in Bismarck. To make the most of every tax dollar, resourc…

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Education priorities and decision-making

Candidate campaign source

Levi believes in investing in our children today to secure North Dakota’s prosperity tomorrow. Politicalization of schools must be rejected. Students need high academic and behavioral expectations. Education funding needs to be reprioritized in Bismarck. To make the most of every tax dollar, resources should go into the classroom and not educational bureaucracy. He believes in a system where students graduate inspired, challenged, and ready for the real world. To get there, education policy needs to be driven by parents and teachers, not Bismarck politicians. Our public schools are good today, but together, we can lead the nation.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 15, 2026

Levi Bachmeier — candidate-owned primary source 1 ↗

Original source ↗

Candidate profile →

2026 North Dakota Tax Commissioner — General Election

1 candidate with matching statements · 3 statements

Brian Kroshus

3 statements

Republican · Tax Commissioner · ND

Taxes & tax policy

Make fairness a top priority in state tax administration.

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Tax Administration

Candidate campaign source

Make fairness a top priority in state tax administration.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 23, 2026

Brian Kroshus — candidate-owned primary source 1 ↗

Original source ↗

View 2 more statements from Brian Kroshus

Taxes & tax policy

Make transparency a top priority in administration of the Tax Commissioner's office.

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Government Transparency

Candidate campaign source

Make transparency a top priority in administration of the Tax Commissioner's office.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 23, 2026

Brian Kroshus — candidate-owned primary source 1 ↗

Original source ↗

Taxes & tax policy

Respect citizens' rights in tax administration and state government.

Read exact statement & source

Source topic or question: Individual Rights

Candidate campaign source

Respect citizens' rights in tax administration and state government.

Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 23, 2026

Brian Kroshus — candidate-owned primary source 1 ↗

Original source ↗

Candidate profile →

Race groups · Page 1 of 2

How statements are selected

This section matches specific income, wages and tax policy terms in retained, attributed source text from published North Dakota candidate profiles. A profile heading or biography alone does not qualify. The Florida geography is fixed; saved state preferences cannot change these results. A mention can concern a community or group rather than Florida’s statewide measure.

Matching is automatic and does not establish a candidate’s stance, the accuracy of a claim, or an effect on the measured result. Results are grouped by recorded race, then by candidate name. Within each candidate, the matching issue mentions appear first. Only candidates with matching retained statements are shown; this is not a complete race roster. Repeated identical text for the same candidate is shown once. Coverage follows the existing state profiles and is not a complete record of all candidates or everything they have said. Review dates are not statement dates.

North Dakota incumbents

What incumbents are proposing

Explore reviewed bills sponsored by current North Dakota legislators and North Dakota’s congressional delegation, plus retained proposals from North Dakota’s governor and agencies. Each record keeps its latest recorded status and official evidence.

Government bodyProposal statusFind a sponsor or proposalOrder incumbents

1 matching sponsorship or proposal · 1 North Dakota incumbent. These filters apply only to this section.

Rep. LaurieBeth Hager

North Dakota House of Representatives · D–ND

1 proposal

View proposals from Rep. LaurieBeth Hager

North Dakota Legislature · HCR 3032

A concurrent resolution to create and enact a new section to article XI of the Constitution of North Dakota, relating to the minimum wage.

Mar 7, 2025 · Not enacted · House rejected passage

Rep. LaurieBeth Hager · Sponsored

FactVote reviewed summary

House rejected the measure on 2025-03-07. Second reading, failed to adopt yeas 11 nays 79. The 2025 regular session ended without enactment of this measure.

Why this record is included

Retained North Dakota evidence context: Median household income. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.

That the following proposed new section to article XI of the Constitution of North Dakota is agreed to and must be submitted to the qualified electors of North Dakota at the general election to be held in 2026, in accordance with section 16 of article IV of the Constitution of North Dakota. […] Every employer shall pay to each of the employer's employees wages at a rate of not less than nine dollars and twenty-five cents per hour. 2. Beginning January 1, 2027, and on January first of each year thereafter, the minimum wage must be adjusted by the increase, if any, in the cost of living.

Review official supporting evidence ↗

Official record ↗Rep. LaurieBeth Hager’s profile ↗

What sponsorship and proposal counts tell us

Only current North Dakota officeholders retained in the reviewed collection qualify. Bills require a recorded primary sponsorship; cosponsors and signing officials are excluded from sponsorship counts. An official introducer recorded as acting by request is labeled “Introduced by request”; that procedural role does not establish personal policy endorsement. Governor and agency records qualify when recorded as proposed. A separately verified governor transmittal can also establish an original proposal whose latest status reflects its later outcome. Signing an enacted law alone does not establish a proposal. A record appearing under several facts is counted once per officeholder. A bill with multiple primary sponsors appears under each recorded sponsor.

Enacted bills, adopted resolutions and unsuccessful measures remain visible as proposal history. Passing one chamber is not enactment. These counts do not measure effectiveness or prove that an action changed a North Dakota statistic. Collection reviewed Sep 16, 2026.

Sources & methods

Every section retains its primary sources, units, reporting periods and comparison limits. Maps, graphs and tables use the same observation and cohort. All 50 states are listed; D.C. and territories are excluded. Missing and suppressed values remain unavailable and never become zero.

#1 is the highest measured value. Equal source values share a rank and leave gaps (1, 2, 2, 4). Ranks use source precision and are descriptive, not a score of the state. Survey uncertainty and reporting coverage can limit comparisons. Published U.S. benchmarks are used where available; a state average is not substituted.

North Dakota snapshots and fiscal sources keep their own dates and accounting scope. National events and federal distribution explainers describe national context. Actions and statements are filtered to North Dakota, retain their reviewed evidence, and do not establish that a policy caused a measured change.

Retained state source collections assembled October 5, 2026. Original review and source dates remain visible. Refreshing this page does not refresh an official data release.

← All North Dakota individual facts

Median household income i

Compare states on the graph

Median household income

Real personal income per person i

Compare states on the graph

Personal income-tax collections i

Compare states on the graph

Individual income tax

Corporate income tax

Sales and use tax

Property tax

Oil production and extraction taxes

How federal income taxes work

Base standard deduction i

Marginal versus effective rate i

Who pays what share of income taxes?

Who pays corporate income taxes?

The broader federal tax burden

Is after-tax income keeping up with prices?

Real income per person i

Change from prior month i

Change from a year earlier i

Income before and after taxes and benefits

Tax credits and measured poverty

Understanding North Dakota income

Median, average and per person

Income, taxes and living costs

Annual and five-year estimates

Rankings and uncertainty

FactVote reviewed summary

A concurrent resolution to create and enact a new section to article XI of the Constitution of North Dakota, relating to the minimum wage.

FactVote reviewed summary

Social Security Fairness Act of 2023

FactVote reviewed summary

What candidates are saying

2026 North Dakota Agriculture Commissioner — General Election

Vern Thompson

2026 North Dakota Superintendent of Public Instruction — Unexpired Term — General Election

Levi Bachmeier

2026 North Dakota Tax Commissioner — General Election

Brian Kroshus

Rep. LaurieBeth Hager

A concurrent resolution to create and enact a new section to article XI of the Constitution of North Dakota, relating to the minimum wage.

FactVote reviewed summary

Sources & methods

Median household income

Real personal income per person

Personal income-tax collections

Base standard deduction

Marginal versus effective rate

Real income per person

Change from prior month

Change from a year earlier