Adult credentials, student learning, graduation, and public-school funding.
High school or higher94%2020–2024 · #6 of 50 · highest first
Associate degree or higher46.7%2020–2024 · #14 of 50 · highest first
Bachelor’s degree or higher32.7%2020–2024 · #30 of 50 · highest first
North Dakota over time
Explore North Dakota readings, major events and reviewed actions on the same date scale. North Dakota officeholders appear in separate lanes. National event evidence describes national context; it does not measure a North Dakota effect.
Major events & context · A curated selection, including uncertain effects. Milestone dates do not establish that an event caused a North Dakota change.
Enacted / issuedDid not proceedPending / in progressStatus unclear
Colors show the latest recorded status. Passing one chamber is not enactment. A number groups actions with the same date, body and status.
Grade 4 reading North Dakota · source units
North DakotaPublished U.S. benchmark
Move across the chart to inspect the nearest observation. Click or tap to keep a reading selected, or focus the chart and use the arrow keys. Hover over or focus a marker to explore; click or tap to pin. Press Escape to clear.
1 of 1 reviewed North Dakota actions match · 1 date markers shown. 20 major events shown separately.
North Dakota · 2024: 215.5 · Rank #21 of 50, highest first · U.S. benchmark: 215
FactVote uses NAEP Data Service mean scale scores for all public-school students in North Dakota. The series uses the total student group and the main reading and mathematics composite scales for Grade 4 and Grade 8. NAEP is generally administered every two years; the 2021 administration was postponed, so the timeline moves from 2019 to 2022. NAEP results are estimates from a sample. Statistical significance, not a visual gap alone, determines whether scores differ. Each grade and subject has its own scale. Follow one line over time rather than comparing the numeric distance between grades or subjects. Annual observations use December 31; monthly observations use the first of the month. Lines connect consecutive readings and do not supply values between them. Missing observations break the lines.
The timeline combines the corresponding national fact’s reviewed event catalog, labeled National context, with individually reviewed state milestones. State events use primary sources and distinguish signing, effective and filing dates. Each milestone keeps its source-check date, geographical limits and evidence limits. This curated selection is not a complete history.
Date ranges affect events and actions. Action type, status and official-name search affect government records only. Events remain separate from action counts. An event after the latest observation extends context without creating a new reading.
North Dakota · state comparison
Adult educational attainment
Adults age 25 and older. Higher credentials overlap: these measures must not be added together.
North Dakota · 2020–202494%
North Dakota rank#6among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark89.6%Same measure and period when published
#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.
High school or higher
Share of adults age 25+ with the stated credential or a higher credential.
Point-estimate ranks are not tests of statistical significance.
Compare states on the graph
Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. North Dakota stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.
Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. North Dakota has a dark outline.
Lower value · 84.7%Higher value · 94.9%Striped: unavailable
Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.
North Dakota · 94%2020–2024 · Rank #6 of 50, highest firstSelected state
50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.
Compare North Dakota with every state · 50 ranked
High school or higher · 2020–2024 · highest value ranked #1
Rank
State
Value
Comparison notes
#1
Vermont
94.9%
—
#2
Maine
94.8%
—
#3
Montana
94.6%
—
#4
New Hampshire
94.4%
—
#5
Wyoming
94.2%
—
#6
North Dakota · your comparison
94%
—
#7
Minnesota
93.9%
—
#8
Wisconsin
93.6%
—
#9
Alaska
93.6%
—
#10
Utah
93.4%
—
#11
Iowa
93.3%
—
#12
South Dakota
93.2%
—
#13
Hawaii
93.2%
—
#14
Colorado
92.9%
—
#15
Washington
92.3%
—
#16
Nebraska
92.2%
—
#17
Pennsylvania
92.1%
—
#18
Michigan
92.1%
—
#19
Kansas
92%
—
#20
Idaho
91.9%
—
#21
Missouri
91.9%
—
#22
Oregon
91.8%
—
#23
Ohio
91.8%
—
#24
Delaware
91.7%
—
#25
Virginia
91.6%
—
#26
Connecticut
91.5%
—
#27
Massachusetts
91.4%
—
#28
Maryland
91.1%
—
#29
New Jersey
90.7%
—
#30
Illinois
90.5%
—
#31
Indiana
90.4%
—
#32
North Carolina
90.1%
—
#33
South Carolina
90.1%
—
#34
Tennessee
90%
—
#35
Florida
89.9%
—
#36
Rhode Island
89.7%
—
#37
Oklahoma
89.4%
—
#38
Arizona
89.4%
—
#39
West Virginia
89.3%
—
#40
Georgia
89.2%
—
#41
Kentucky
88.9%
—
#42
Arkansas
88.7%
—
#43
Alabama
88.6%
—
#44
New Mexico
88%
—
#45
New York
88%
—
#46
Nevada
87.5%
—
#47
Louisiana
87.3%
—
#48
Mississippi
87.1%
—
#49
Texas
86%
—
#50
California
84.7%
—
All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.
Share of North Dakota residents age 25 and older whose reported attainment is a regular high school diploma or equivalent (including GED or an alternative credential), some college, or an associate’s or higher degree.
This source snapshot keeps its own definition and period. A rank shown elsewhere applies only to that comparison’s measure and period.
Method and limitations
U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts, sourced from the American Community Survey 2020–2024 five-year estimate.
This is an adult educational-attainment measure, not a current high-school graduation rate or a measure of school quality.
A statewide estimate can obscure differences across communities and demographic groups.
NAEP state comparisons use public-school students in the same grade and subject. National benchmarks include public and private schools.
North Dakota · 2024215.5
North Dakota rank#21among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark215Same measure and period when published
#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.
Grade 4 reading
FactVote uses NAEP Data Service mean scale scores for all public-school students in North Dakota. The series uses the total student group and the main reading and mathematics composite scales for Grade 4 and Grade 8.
NAEP is generally administered every two years; the 2021 administration was postponed, so the timeline moves from 2019 to 2022. NAEP results are estimates from a sample. Statistical significance, not a visual gap alone, determines whether scores differ. Each grade and subject has its own scale. Follow one line over time rather than comparing the numeric distance between grades or subjects.
Hover to inspect. Click or tap to compare that period with every state. Focus the graph and use arrow keys, Home or End to select a period. Press Escape to return to the latest period.
North Dakota
2024 · North Dakota: 215.5 · Rank #21 of 50, highest first · U.S. benchmark: 215 · Selected for state comparisonView history and select a period
North Dakota Grade 4 reading history
Period
North Dakota
Compare
2003
221.6
2005
224.8
2007
226.3
2009
226
2011
225.6
2013
224.1
2015
224.7
2017
221.5
2019
221.2
2022
217.5
2024
215.5
Compare states on the graph
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Lower value · 200.6Higher value · 224.8Striped: unavailable
Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.
North Dakota · 215.52024 · Rank #21 of 50, highest firstSelected state
50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.
Compare North Dakota with every state · 50 ranked
Grade 4 reading · 2024 · highest value ranked #1
Rank
State
Value
Comparison notes
#1
Massachusetts
224.8
—
#2
Wyoming
221.9
—
#3
New Jersey
221.6
—
#4
New Hampshire
221.5
—
#5
Colorado
220.9
—
#6
Indiana
220.1
—
#7
Utah
219.3
—
#8
Connecticut
219.2
—
#9
Mississippi
218.5
—
#10
Florida
218.2
—
#11
Kentucky
218
—
#12
Montana
217.2
—
#13
Rhode Island
216.3
—
#14
Louisiana
216
—
#14
Ohio
216
—
#16
Hawaii
215.8
—
#16
Pennsylvania
215.8
—
#18
Idaho
215.7
—
#18
Washington
215.7
—
#20
Maryland
215.6
—
#21
North Dakota · your comparison
215.5
—
#22
Wisconsin
215.3
—
#23
Tennessee
215.1
—
#24
South Carolina
214.9
—
#25
Iowa
214.6
—
#25
New York
214.6
—
#27
Georgia
214.4
—
#27
Minnesota
214.4
—
#29
Illinois
214.2
—
#30
South Dakota
214.1
—
#30
Virginia
214.1
—
#32
North Carolina
213.4
—
#33
Alabama
213.2
—
#34
Kansas
213.1
—
#34
Nevada
213.1
—
#36
Vermont
212.7
—
#37
Missouri
211.9
—
#37
Texas
211.9
—
#39
California
211.7
—
#39
Nebraska
211.7
—
#41
Arkansas
209.7
—
#42
Maine
209.6
—
#43
Delaware
209.5
—
#44
Michigan
209.1
—
#45
Arizona
208.1
—
#46
Oklahoma
207.3
—
#47
Oregon
207
—
#48
West Virginia
205.9
—
#49
Alaska
201.6
—
#50
New Mexico
200.6
—
All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.
Compare spending per pupil and the composition of school revenue and current spending.
North Dakota · FY2024$17,102
North Dakota rank#23among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark$17,619Same measure and period when published
#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.
Current spending per pupil
Public elementary-secondary current spending per enrolled pupil.
Current spending excludes capital spending. More spending is not itself a measure of student outcomes.
Compare states on the graph
Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. North Dakota stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.
Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. North Dakota has a dark outline.
Lower value · $11.06KHigher value · $31.92KStriped: unavailable
Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.
North Dakota · $17,102FY2024 · Rank #23 of 50, highest firstSelected state
50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.
Compare North Dakota with every state · 50 ranked
Current spending per pupil · FY2024 · highest value ranked #1
Rank
State
Value
Comparison notes
#1
New York
$31,918
—
#2
Vermont
$28,818
—
#3
New Jersey
$27,234
—
#4
Connecticut
$26,316
—
#5
Massachusetts
$24,429
—
#6
Hawaii
$23,878
—
#7
New Hampshire
$22,978
—
#8
Delaware
$22,201
—
#9
Rhode Island
$22,110
—
#10
Illinois
$21,776
—
#11
Pennsylvania
$21,091
—
#12
Alaska
$21,004
—
#13
California
$20,791
—
#14
Wyoming
$20,521
—
#15
Maryland
$20,208
—
#16
Maine
$19,962
—
#17
Washington
$18,564
—
#18
Michigan
$18,314
—
#19
Oregon
$18,083
—
#20
New Mexico
$17,664
—
#21
Ohio
$17,257
—
#22
Virginia
$17,104
—
#23
North Dakota · your comparison
$17,102
—
#24
Minnesota
$17,098
—
#25
Nebraska
$16,147
—
#26
Wisconsin
$15,952
—
#27
Colorado
$15,908
—
#28
Georgia
$15,833
—
#29
West Virginia
$15,640
—
#30
Louisiana
$15,581
—
#31
Kansas
$15,558
—
#32
South Carolina
$15,060
—
#33
Nevada
$14,812
—
#34
Kentucky
$14,596
—
#35
Iowa
$14,369
—
#36
Missouri
$14,241
—
#37
Arkansas
$13,873
—
#38
Montana
$13,656
—
#39
Alabama
$13,627
—
#40
Indiana
$13,622
—
#41
North Carolina
$12,995
—
#42
Texas
$12,895
—
#43
Tennessee
$12,882
—
#44
South Dakota
$12,828
—
#45
Florida
$12,693
—
#46
Mississippi
$12,324
—
#47
Oklahoma
$12,162
—
#48
Arizona
$12,003
—
#49
Utah
$11,347
—
#50
Idaho
$11,060
—
All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.
The federal comparison uses a common adjusted cohort and school year. A newer state graduation snapshot, where retained, uses its own source and period; adult attainment is a separate measure.
North Dakota · 2021–2285%
North Dakota rank#31among 48 states with data
U.S. benchmark87%Same measure and period when published
#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.
Federal public-school cohort graduation rate
Share of the adjusted ninth-grade public-school cohort graduating in four years. From 2017–18, the federal measure counts regular diplomas and eligible state-defined alternate diplomas for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities; earlier years count regular diplomas only.
Published NCES state comparison through 2021–22. Rounded whole percentages produce tied ranks. Missing or suppressed values are excluded. Any newer state graduation snapshot uses its own period and cannot inherit this rank.
Hover to inspect. Click or tap to compare that period with every state. Focus the graph and use arrow keys, Home or End to select a period. Press Escape to return to the latest period.
North Dakota
2021–22 · North Dakota: 85% · Rank #31 of 48, highest first · U.S. benchmark: 87% · Selected for state comparisonView history and select a period
North Dakota Federal public-school cohort graduation rate history
Period
North Dakota
Compare
2011–12
87%
2012–13
88%
2013–14
87%
2014–15
87%
2015–16
88%
2016–17
87%
2017–18
88%
2018–19
88%
2019–20
89%
2020–21
87%
2021–22
85%
Compare states on the graph
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Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. North Dakota has a dark outline.
Lower value · 77%Higher value · 91%Striped: unavailable
Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.
North Dakota · 85%2021–22 · Rank #31 of 48, highest firstSelected state
50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.
Compare North Dakota with every state · 48 ranked, 2 unavailable
Federal public-school cohort graduation rate · 2021–22 · highest value ranked #1
Rank
State
Value
Comparison notes
#1
West Virginia
91%
—
#2
Iowa
90%
—
#2
Kentucky
90%
—
#2
Massachusetts
90%
—
#2
Missouri
90%
—
#2
Tennessee
90%
—
#2
Texas
90%
—
#2
Wisconsin
90%
—
#9
Connecticut
89%
—
#9
Kansas
89%
—
#9
Mississippi
89%
—
#9
Virginia
89%
—
#13
Alabama
88%
—
#13
Arkansas
88%
—
#13
Delaware
88%
—
#13
Indiana
88%
—
#13
New Hampshire
88%
—
#13
Utah
88%
—
#19
California
87%
—
#19
Florida
87%
—
#19
Illinois
87%
—
#19
Nebraska
87%
—
#19
New York
87%
—
#19
Pennsylvania
87%
—
#25
Hawaii
86%
—
#25
Maine
86%
—
#25
Maryland
86%
—
#25
Montana
86%
—
#25
North Carolina
86%
—
#25
Ohio
86%
—
#31
New Jersey
85%
—
#31
North Dakota · your comparison
85%
—
#33
Georgia
84%
—
#33
Minnesota
84%
—
#33
South Carolina
84%
—
#33
Washington
84%
—
#37
Louisiana
83%
—
#37
Rhode Island
83%
—
#37
Vermont
83%
—
#40
Colorado
82%
—
#40
Nevada
82%
—
#40
South Dakota
82%
—
#40
Wyoming
82%
—
#44
Michigan
81%
—
#44
Oregon
81%
—
#46
Idaho
80%
—
#47
Alaska
78%
—
#48
Arizona
77%
—
—
New Mexico
Not available
No comparable published observation for this period; excluded from rank.
—
Oklahoma
Not available
No comparable published observation for this period; excluded from rank.
All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.
Published charges describe prices before aid. Costs and outcomes require their own definitions and populations.
North Dakota · 2022–23$9,728
North Dakota rank#28among all 50 states
U.S. benchmark$9,750Same measure and period when published
#1 is the highest value. Ties share a rank and leave gaps. D.C. and territories are excluded. Rank describes the measured value; it is not an overall score of the state.
Public four-year in-state tuition and fees
Average published annual charges at degree-granting postsecondary institutions in the state.
2022–23 academic year, current dollars. Tuition averages are weighted by undergraduate enrollment; room and board use the NCES reporting universe. Charges exclude aid and do not equal a typical student’s net cost.
Compare states on the graph
Hover or focus a bar to inspect its value and rank. Use the up and down arrows, Home or End to explore states. Click, tap or press Enter to keep a state selected. North Dakota stays highlighted. Values use the same measure and period.
Explore the map: hover or focus a state to inspect it, then click or tap to select it. Arrow keys move between states alphabetically. North Dakota has a dark outline.
Lower value · $4.54KHigher value · $17.6KStriped: unavailable
Color shows this measure’s value, not an overall state score. Select a state on the map, graph or dropdown to read its value, rank and comparison limits below.
North Dakota · $9,7282022–23 · Rank #28 of 50, highest firstSelected state
50 states shown · scroll to explore every state. Missing values have no bar and are excluded from ranks. Bars start at zero; #1 means the highest value.
Compare North Dakota with every state · 50 ranked
Public four-year in-state tuition and fees · 2022–23 · highest value ranked #1
Rank
State
Value
Comparison notes
#1
Vermont
$17,600
—
#2
New Hampshire
$17,019
—
#3
Pennsylvania
$16,217
—
#4
Connecticut
$15,763
—
#5
New Jersey
$15,265
—
#6
Illinois
$14,921
—
#7
Virginia
$14,825
—
#8
Rhode Island
$14,744
—
#9
Michigan
$14,718
—
#10
Massachusetts
$14,345
—
#11
Minnesota
$12,873
—
#12
South Carolina
$12,604
—
#13
Oregon
$12,424
—
#14
Delaware
$11,922
—
#15
Arizona
$11,768
—
#16
Kentucky
$11,299
—
#17
Alabama
$11,081
—
#18
Ohio
$10,922
—
#19
Maine
$10,813
—
#20
Hawaii
$10,484
—
#21
Tennessee
$10,437
—
#22
Iowa
$10,121
—
#23
Maryland
$10,041
—
#24
Missouri
$9,926
—
#25
Indiana
$9,886
—
#26
Louisiana
$9,843
—
#27
Colorado
$9,798
—
#28
North Dakota · your comparison
$9,728
—
#29
Kansas
$9,274
—
#30
Mississippi
$9,120
—
#31
South Dakota
$9,079
—
#32
Wisconsin
$8,974
—
#33
Arkansas
$8,879
—
#34
Nebraska
$8,862
—
#35
West Virginia
$8,715
—
#36
California
$8,637
—
#37
New York
$8,575
—
#38
Oklahoma
$8,519
—
#39
Alaska
$8,291
—
#40
Texas
$8,195
—
#41
Washington
$8,006
—
#42
Idaho
$7,640
—
#43
New Mexico
$7,526
—
#44
North Carolina
$7,327
—
#45
Montana
$7,299
—
#46
Utah
$7,215
—
#47
Georgia
$7,075
—
#48
Nevada
$6,723
—
#49
Wyoming
$5,100
—
#50
Florida
$4,540
—
All 50 states are listed, including states without a comparable observation. Ranks use stored source precision; displayed values may round to the same number.
Explore current officeholders and explicitly reviewed historical executive officials, labeled at the time of their actions. Timeline dates, action type, status and search also filter this list. Read any record’s summary, latest recorded status and official evidence below, or open it beside the timeline.
1 of 1 reviewed North Dakota actions · newest first
Mar 26, 2025 · HB 1200 · AN ACT to amend and reenact section 15.1-21-02.2 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the waiver and substitution of one unit required for high school graduation under emergent circumstances. · Enacted · Signed by governorNorth Dakota Legislature · HB 1200
AN ACT to amend and reenact section 15.1-21-02.2 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the waiver and substitution of one unit required for high school graduation under emergent circumstances.
Mar 26, 2025 · Enacted · Signed by governor
Rep. Scott Louser · Sponsored / Rep. Macy Bolinske · Sponsored / Sen. Randy A. Burckhard · Sponsored / Sen. Jose L. Castaneda · Sponsored / Rep. Jay Fisher · Sponsored / Rep. Pat D. Heinert · Sponsored / Rep. Jeff Hoverson · Sponsored / Sen. Randy D. Lemm · Sponsored / Rep. David Richter · Sponsored / Rep. Dan Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Matthew Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Lori VanWinkle · Sponsored
FactVote reviewed summary
HB 1200 allows a school district or nonpublic school, with its board’s approval, to establish a policy granting no more than one required graduation unit through an alternative course, including an elective or dual-credit course, when a student demonstrates an emergent circumstance. The provision applies to the requirements after July 31, 2025. Gov. Kelly Armstrong signed the bill March 26, 2025. This option does not automatically waive graduation requirements for every student or establish completed diplomas.
Approved by Gov. Kelly Armstrong on 2025-03-26; 2025 Session Laws chapter 190. Signing, effective dates, implementation and current enforceability are distinct.
Why this record is included
The fact measures high-school-or-higher attainment among adults age 25 and older. A course-substitution option concerns students working toward a diploma; it does not establish completed diplomas or a change in previously measured adult attainment. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.
Retained North Dakota evidence context: Adults with at least a high school diploma. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.
If approved by the board of a school district or nonpublic school, a school district or nonpublic school may:
[…]
Establish a policy to allow a student to receive credit for no more than one unit under subsection 1 for completing an alternative course, including an elective course or dual-credit course, if the student demonstrates an emergent circumstance.
Records come from published fact relationships or reviewed topic records with official supporting evidence and verified North Dakota officeholder attribution. Historical executive officials require evidence tied to the action date and are excluded from incumbent proposals. Inclusion follows an explicit topic review, a related state fact, or the action’s title and supporting evidence. Explicit topic reviews take priority; repeated actions use the most recent explicit review for this topic. Duplicate actions attached to several facts appear once. This topic match is not a new finding that an action caused a result, and the reviewed collection is selective. Collection reviewed Sep 16, 2026.
What candidates are saying
Explore statements about schools, learning, college costs and educational attainment from FactVote’s North Dakota candidate profiles. Compare candidates within each recorded race, with each person’s matching statements kept together. These are candidate and campaign statements, not verified outcomes.
39 statements from 6 candidates
2026 North Dakota Agriculture Commissioner — General Election
1 candidate with matching statements · 1 statement
Republican · Public Service Commissioner — Unexpired Term · ND
Schools & education
Jill’s passion for public service started early—volunteering for local charities and political campaigns as a young student. She served as a Legislative Page-for-a-Day, interned in Washington, D.C., for U.S. Senator John Hoeven, and worked in the North Dakota office of Congressman Rick Berg. She is …
Read exact statement & source
Source topic or question: Energy regulation and limited government
Candidate campaign source
Jill’s passion for public service started early—volunteering for local charities and political campaigns as a young student. She served as a Legislative Page-for-a-Day, interned in Washington, D.C., for U.S. Senator John Hoeven, and worked in the North Dakota office of Congressman Rick Berg. She is committed to continuing that tradition of principled, pro-energy leadership—supporting limited government, responsible oversight, and regulatory certainty to protect North Dakota’s economy and way of life.
Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 17, 2026
As a member of the Board of University and School Lands, Michael is committed to ensuring North Dakota’s educational trusts, mineral acres, and other assets are managed responsibly and efficiently. In this role, he provides oversight and guidance to support responsible trust land development, streng…
Read exact statement & source
Source topic or question: Education
Candidate campaign source
As a member of the Board of University and School Lands, Michael is committed to ensuring North Dakota’s educational trusts, mineral acres, and other assets are managed responsibly and efficiently. In this role, he provides oversight and guidance to support responsible trust land development, strengthen trust funds, and protect long-term value that ensures sustained growth and lasting benefits for the educational and public institutions that rely on these resources.
Statement date not recorded · Profile reviewed Sep 16, 2026
This section matches specific schools, learning, college costs and educational attainment terms in retained, attributed source text from published North Dakota candidate profiles. A profile heading or biography alone does not qualify. The Florida geography is fixed; saved state preferences cannot change these results. A mention can concern a community or group rather than Florida’s statewide measure.
Matching is automatic and does not establish a candidate’s stance, the accuracy of a claim, or an effect on the measured result. Results are grouped by recorded race, then by candidate name. Within each candidate, the matching issue mentions appear first. Only candidates with matching retained statements are shown; this is not a complete race roster. Repeated identical text for the same candidate is shown once. Coverage follows the existing state profiles and is not a complete record of all candidates or everything they have said. Review dates are not statement dates.
North Dakota incumbents
What incumbents are proposing
Explore reviewed bills sponsored by current North Dakota legislators and North Dakota’s congressional delegation, plus retained proposals from North Dakota’s governor and agencies. Each record keeps its latest recorded status and official evidence.
12 matching sponsorships or proposals · 12 North Dakota incumbents. These filters apply only to this section.
Rep. Dan Ruby
North Dakota House of Representatives · R–ND
1 proposalView proposals from Rep. Dan RubyNorth Dakota Legislature · HB 1200
AN ACT to amend and reenact section 15.1-21-02.2 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the waiver and substitution of one unit required for high school graduation under emergent circumstances.
Mar 26, 2025 · Enacted · Signed by governor
Rep. Scott Louser · Sponsored / Rep. Macy Bolinske · Sponsored / Sen. Randy A. Burckhard · Sponsored / Sen. Jose L. Castaneda · Sponsored / Rep. Jay Fisher · Sponsored / Rep. Pat D. Heinert · Sponsored / Rep. Jeff Hoverson · Sponsored / Sen. Randy D. Lemm · Sponsored / Rep. David Richter · Sponsored / Rep. Dan Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Matthew Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Lori VanWinkle · Sponsored
FactVote reviewed summary
HB 1200 allows a school district or nonpublic school, with its board’s approval, to establish a policy granting no more than one required graduation unit through an alternative course, including an elective or dual-credit course, when a student demonstrates an emergent circumstance. The provision applies to the requirements after July 31, 2025. Gov. Kelly Armstrong signed the bill March 26, 2025. This option does not automatically waive graduation requirements for every student or establish completed diplomas.
Approved by Gov. Kelly Armstrong on 2025-03-26; 2025 Session Laws chapter 190. Signing, effective dates, implementation and current enforceability are distinct.
Why this record is included
The fact measures high-school-or-higher attainment among adults age 25 and older. A course-substitution option concerns students working toward a diploma; it does not establish completed diplomas or a change in previously measured adult attainment. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.
Retained North Dakota evidence context: Adults with at least a high school diploma. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.
If approved by the board of a school district or nonpublic school, a school district or nonpublic school may:
[…]
Establish a policy to allow a student to receive credit for no more than one unit under subsection 1 for completing an alternative course, including an elective course or dual-credit course, if the student demonstrates an emergent circumstance.
1 proposalView proposals from Rep. David RichterNorth Dakota Legislature · HB 1200
AN ACT to amend and reenact section 15.1-21-02.2 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the waiver and substitution of one unit required for high school graduation under emergent circumstances.
Mar 26, 2025 · Enacted · Signed by governor
Rep. Scott Louser · Sponsored / Rep. Macy Bolinske · Sponsored / Sen. Randy A. Burckhard · Sponsored / Sen. Jose L. Castaneda · Sponsored / Rep. Jay Fisher · Sponsored / Rep. Pat D. Heinert · Sponsored / Rep. Jeff Hoverson · Sponsored / Sen. Randy D. Lemm · Sponsored / Rep. David Richter · Sponsored / Rep. Dan Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Matthew Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Lori VanWinkle · Sponsored
FactVote reviewed summary
HB 1200 allows a school district or nonpublic school, with its board’s approval, to establish a policy granting no more than one required graduation unit through an alternative course, including an elective or dual-credit course, when a student demonstrates an emergent circumstance. The provision applies to the requirements after July 31, 2025. Gov. Kelly Armstrong signed the bill March 26, 2025. This option does not automatically waive graduation requirements for every student or establish completed diplomas.
Approved by Gov. Kelly Armstrong on 2025-03-26; 2025 Session Laws chapter 190. Signing, effective dates, implementation and current enforceability are distinct.
Why this record is included
The fact measures high-school-or-higher attainment among adults age 25 and older. A course-substitution option concerns students working toward a diploma; it does not establish completed diplomas or a change in previously measured adult attainment. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.
Retained North Dakota evidence context: Adults with at least a high school diploma. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.
If approved by the board of a school district or nonpublic school, a school district or nonpublic school may:
[…]
Establish a policy to allow a student to receive credit for no more than one unit under subsection 1 for completing an alternative course, including an elective course or dual-credit course, if the student demonstrates an emergent circumstance.
1 proposalView proposals from Rep. Jay FisherNorth Dakota Legislature · HB 1200
AN ACT to amend and reenact section 15.1-21-02.2 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the waiver and substitution of one unit required for high school graduation under emergent circumstances.
Mar 26, 2025 · Enacted · Signed by governor
Rep. Scott Louser · Sponsored / Rep. Macy Bolinske · Sponsored / Sen. Randy A. Burckhard · Sponsored / Sen. Jose L. Castaneda · Sponsored / Rep. Jay Fisher · Sponsored / Rep. Pat D. Heinert · Sponsored / Rep. Jeff Hoverson · Sponsored / Sen. Randy D. Lemm · Sponsored / Rep. David Richter · Sponsored / Rep. Dan Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Matthew Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Lori VanWinkle · Sponsored
FactVote reviewed summary
HB 1200 allows a school district or nonpublic school, with its board’s approval, to establish a policy granting no more than one required graduation unit through an alternative course, including an elective or dual-credit course, when a student demonstrates an emergent circumstance. The provision applies to the requirements after July 31, 2025. Gov. Kelly Armstrong signed the bill March 26, 2025. This option does not automatically waive graduation requirements for every student or establish completed diplomas.
Approved by Gov. Kelly Armstrong on 2025-03-26; 2025 Session Laws chapter 190. Signing, effective dates, implementation and current enforceability are distinct.
Why this record is included
The fact measures high-school-or-higher attainment among adults age 25 and older. A course-substitution option concerns students working toward a diploma; it does not establish completed diplomas or a change in previously measured adult attainment. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.
Retained North Dakota evidence context: Adults with at least a high school diploma. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.
If approved by the board of a school district or nonpublic school, a school district or nonpublic school may:
[…]
Establish a policy to allow a student to receive credit for no more than one unit under subsection 1 for completing an alternative course, including an elective course or dual-credit course, if the student demonstrates an emergent circumstance.
1 proposalView proposals from Rep. Jeff HoversonNorth Dakota Legislature · HB 1200
AN ACT to amend and reenact section 15.1-21-02.2 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the waiver and substitution of one unit required for high school graduation under emergent circumstances.
Mar 26, 2025 · Enacted · Signed by governor
Rep. Scott Louser · Sponsored / Rep. Macy Bolinske · Sponsored / Sen. Randy A. Burckhard · Sponsored / Sen. Jose L. Castaneda · Sponsored / Rep. Jay Fisher · Sponsored / Rep. Pat D. Heinert · Sponsored / Rep. Jeff Hoverson · Sponsored / Sen. Randy D. Lemm · Sponsored / Rep. David Richter · Sponsored / Rep. Dan Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Matthew Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Lori VanWinkle · Sponsored
FactVote reviewed summary
HB 1200 allows a school district or nonpublic school, with its board’s approval, to establish a policy granting no more than one required graduation unit through an alternative course, including an elective or dual-credit course, when a student demonstrates an emergent circumstance. The provision applies to the requirements after July 31, 2025. Gov. Kelly Armstrong signed the bill March 26, 2025. This option does not automatically waive graduation requirements for every student or establish completed diplomas.
Approved by Gov. Kelly Armstrong on 2025-03-26; 2025 Session Laws chapter 190. Signing, effective dates, implementation and current enforceability are distinct.
Why this record is included
The fact measures high-school-or-higher attainment among adults age 25 and older. A course-substitution option concerns students working toward a diploma; it does not establish completed diplomas or a change in previously measured adult attainment. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.
Retained North Dakota evidence context: Adults with at least a high school diploma. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.
If approved by the board of a school district or nonpublic school, a school district or nonpublic school may:
[…]
Establish a policy to allow a student to receive credit for no more than one unit under subsection 1 for completing an alternative course, including an elective course or dual-credit course, if the student demonstrates an emergent circumstance.
1 proposalView proposals from Rep. Lori VanWinkleNorth Dakota Legislature · HB 1200
AN ACT to amend and reenact section 15.1-21-02.2 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the waiver and substitution of one unit required for high school graduation under emergent circumstances.
Mar 26, 2025 · Enacted · Signed by governor
Rep. Scott Louser · Sponsored / Rep. Macy Bolinske · Sponsored / Sen. Randy A. Burckhard · Sponsored / Sen. Jose L. Castaneda · Sponsored / Rep. Jay Fisher · Sponsored / Rep. Pat D. Heinert · Sponsored / Rep. Jeff Hoverson · Sponsored / Sen. Randy D. Lemm · Sponsored / Rep. David Richter · Sponsored / Rep. Dan Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Matthew Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Lori VanWinkle · Sponsored
FactVote reviewed summary
HB 1200 allows a school district or nonpublic school, with its board’s approval, to establish a policy granting no more than one required graduation unit through an alternative course, including an elective or dual-credit course, when a student demonstrates an emergent circumstance. The provision applies to the requirements after July 31, 2025. Gov. Kelly Armstrong signed the bill March 26, 2025. This option does not automatically waive graduation requirements for every student or establish completed diplomas.
Approved by Gov. Kelly Armstrong on 2025-03-26; 2025 Session Laws chapter 190. Signing, effective dates, implementation and current enforceability are distinct.
Why this record is included
The fact measures high-school-or-higher attainment among adults age 25 and older. A course-substitution option concerns students working toward a diploma; it does not establish completed diplomas or a change in previously measured adult attainment. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.
Retained North Dakota evidence context: Adults with at least a high school diploma. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.
If approved by the board of a school district or nonpublic school, a school district or nonpublic school may:
[…]
Establish a policy to allow a student to receive credit for no more than one unit under subsection 1 for completing an alternative course, including an elective course or dual-credit course, if the student demonstrates an emergent circumstance.
AN ACT to amend and reenact section 15.1-21-02.2 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the waiver and substitution of one unit required for high school graduation under emergent circumstances.
Mar 26, 2025 · Enacted · Signed by governor
Rep. Scott Louser · Sponsored / Rep. Macy Bolinske · Sponsored / Sen. Randy A. Burckhard · Sponsored / Sen. Jose L. Castaneda · Sponsored / Rep. Jay Fisher · Sponsored / Rep. Pat D. Heinert · Sponsored / Rep. Jeff Hoverson · Sponsored / Sen. Randy D. Lemm · Sponsored / Rep. David Richter · Sponsored / Rep. Dan Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Matthew Ruby · Sponsored / Rep. Lori VanWinkle · Sponsored
FactVote reviewed summary
HB 1200 allows a school district or nonpublic school, with its board’s approval, to establish a policy granting no more than one required graduation unit through an alternative course, including an elective or dual-credit course, when a student demonstrates an emergent circumstance. The provision applies to the requirements after July 31, 2025. Gov. Kelly Armstrong signed the bill March 26, 2025. This option does not automatically waive graduation requirements for every student or establish completed diplomas.
Approved by Gov. Kelly Armstrong on 2025-03-26; 2025 Session Laws chapter 190. Signing, effective dates, implementation and current enforceability are distinct.
Why this record is included
The fact measures high-school-or-higher attainment among adults age 25 and older. A course-substitution option concerns students working toward a diploma; it does not establish completed diplomas or a change in previously measured adult attainment. This relationship does not establish causation. Actions after the measurement period cannot explain its earlier value.
Retained North Dakota evidence context: Adults with at least a high school diploma. This record’s connection to the topic does not establish an effect on the measured result.
If approved by the board of a school district or nonpublic school, a school district or nonpublic school may:
[…]
Establish a policy to allow a student to receive credit for no more than one unit under subsection 1 for completing an alternative course, including an elective course or dual-credit course, if the student demonstrates an emergent circumstance.
Only current North Dakota officeholders retained in the reviewed collection qualify. Bills require a recorded primary sponsorship; cosponsors and signing officials are excluded from sponsorship counts. An official introducer recorded as acting by request is labeled “Introduced by request”; that procedural role does not establish personal policy endorsement. Governor and agency records qualify when recorded as proposed. A separately verified governor transmittal can also establish an original proposal whose latest status reflects its later outcome. Signing an enacted law alone does not establish a proposal. A record appearing under several facts is counted once per officeholder. A bill with multiple primary sponsors appears under each recorded sponsor.
Enacted bills, adopted resolutions and unsuccessful measures remain visible as proposal history. Passing one chamber is not enactment. These counts do not measure effectiveness or prove that an action changed a North Dakota statistic. Collection reviewed Sep 16, 2026.
Sources & methods
Every section retains its primary sources, units, reporting periods and comparison limits. Maps, graphs and tables use the same observation and cohort. All 50 states are listed; D.C. and territories are excluded. Missing and suppressed values remain unavailable and never become zero.
#1 is the highest measured value. Equal source values share a rank and leave gaps (1, 2, 2, 4). Ranks use source precision and are descriptive, not a score of the state. Survey uncertainty and reporting coverage can limit comparisons. Published U.S. benchmarks are used where available; a state average is not substituted.
North Dakota snapshots and fiscal sources keep their own dates and accounting scope. National events and federal distribution explainers describe national context. Actions and statements are filtered to North Dakota, retain their reviewed evidence, and do not establish that a policy caused a measured change.
Retained state source collections assembled October 5, 2026. Original review and source dates remain visible. Refreshing this page does not refresh an official data release.
